{"id":61086,"date":"2023-04-21T14:39:05","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T19:39:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-does-piezo-sensor-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:06:14","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:06:14","slug":"how-does-piezo-sensor-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-does-piezo-sensor-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezosn\u00edma\u010d: princip funkce a praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti ur\u010dit\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b mechanick\u00e9 energie na energii elektrickou a naopak.  Tento princip, zvan\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd jev, nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu po l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed.  Poj\u010fme si podrobn\u011bji prozkoumat, jak tyto senzory funguj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Piezoelektrick\u00fd Jev: Z\u00e1klady Funkce<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev je zalo\u017een na schopnosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159emen, turmal\u00edn nebo syntetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jako je PZT (olov\u011bno-zirkonitanov\u00fd titan\u00e1t), generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (tlaku, tahu, ohybu, st\u0159ihu).  Naopak, p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole se tyto materi\u00e1ly deformuj\u00ed.  Tato vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost mezi mechanick\u00fdm a elektrick\u00fdm polem je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch senzor\u016f.  Intenzita generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 velikosti mechanick\u00e9ho nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Struktura Piezoelektrick\u00e9ho Senzoru<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd senzor typicky sest\u00e1v\u00e1 z piezoelektrick\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 desti\u010dky nebo krystalu, kter\u00e1 je um\u00edst\u011bna mezi dv\u011bma vodiv\u00fdmi elektrodami.  Elektrody jsou p\u0159ipojeny k v\u00fdvod\u016fm senzoru, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed.  Konstrukce senzoru se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed.  N\u011bkter\u00e9 senzory jsou navr\u017eeny pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, jin\u00e9 pro detekci vibrac\u00ed, zvuk\u016f, nebo zrychlen\u00ed.  Tvar a velikost piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku jsou kritick\u00e9 pro citlivost a frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezvu senzoru.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed Tlaku s Piezoelektrick\u00fdm Senzorem<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou velmi efektivn\u00ed p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku.  Kdy\u017e je na piezoelektrick\u00fd prvek aplikov\u00e1n tlak, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k jeho deformaci, co\u017e vede k generov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje \u00fam\u011brn\u00e9ho velikosti tlaku.  Tento n\u00e1boj je pak m\u011b\u0159en a p\u0159eveden na analogov\u00fd nebo digit\u00e1ln\u00ed sign\u00e1l, kter\u00fd reprezentuje velikost tlaku.  Citlivost senzoru je vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena v pikokoulombech na newton (pC\/N) a ud\u00e1v\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed n\u00e1boje generovan\u00e9ho na jednotku s\u00edly.<\/p>\n<h3>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/h3>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>Dielektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/th>\n<th>Piezoelektrick\u00fd koeficient (pC\/N)<\/th>\n<th>Teplotn\u00ed stabilita<\/th>\n<th>Cena<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u0159emen<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<td>2.3<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PZT (m\u011bkk\u00fd)<\/td>\n<td>1000-3000<\/td>\n<td>500-700<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PZT (tvrd\u00fd)<\/td>\n<td>1000-3000<\/td>\n<td>100-300<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Turmal\u00edn<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>1-2<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Aplikace Piezoelektrick\u00fdch Senzor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech.  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu pro detekci n\u00e1raz\u016f, v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed pro ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed, v hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch jako sn\u00edma\u010de, v pr\u016fmyslu pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vibrac\u00ed a tlaku a v mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00edch.  Jejich mal\u00e1 velikost, vysok\u00e1 citlivost a rychl\u00e1 odezva z nich d\u011blaj\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou vysoce citliv\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd jev pro p\u0159em\u011bnu mechanick\u00e9 energie na elektrickou.  D\u00edky sv\u00e9 v\u0161estrannosti a p\u0159esnosti nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech v\u011bdy a techniky.  Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj materi\u00e1l\u016f a technologi\u00ed slibuje dal\u0161\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v budoucnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti ur\u010dit\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b mechanick\u00e9 energie na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento princip, zvan\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd jev, nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu po l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed. Poj\u010fme si podrobn\u011bji prozkoumat, jak tyto senzory funguj\u00ed. Piezoelektrick\u00fd Jev: Z\u00e1klady Funkce Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev je zalo\u017een na schopnosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26465,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61086","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61086"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61086\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61086"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61086"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61086"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}