{"id":61091,"date":"2023-04-21T14:38:40","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T19:38:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-does-piezo-igniter-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:06:13","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:06:13","slug":"how-does-piezo-igniter-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-does-piezo-igniter-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00fd zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed: princip a funkce"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00fd zapalova\u010d je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00fd jev k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jiskry pro zap\u00e1len\u00ed plynu. Jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed je zalo\u017eeno na principu, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 krystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, kdy\u017e jsou mechanicky nam\u00e1h\u00e1ny (stla\u010dov\u00e1ny nebo natahov\u00e1ny), generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Toto nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00e9 k projit\u00ed jiskrou p\u0159es malou mezeru, \u010d\u00edm\u017e dojde k zap\u00e1len\u00ed ho\u0159lav\u00e9 sm\u011bsi. Tento proces je jednoduch\u00fd, spolehliv\u00fd a \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt a jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed v zapalova\u010di<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je vlastnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 n\u00e1boje v reakci na mechanick\u00fd tlak. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se v piezoelektrick\u00fdch zapalova\u010d\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 materi\u00e1l jako je k\u0159emen nebo titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO3). Kdy\u017e je krystal stla\u010den klad\u00edvkem, kter\u00e9 je aktivov\u00e1no stisknut\u00edm tla\u010d\u00edtka, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k deformaci krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu vzniku elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje na jeho povrchu. Tento n\u00e1boj se hromad\u00ed na elektrod\u00e1ch p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch ke krystalu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vysok\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, obvykle v \u0159\u00e1du kilovolt\u016f.<\/p>\n

Generov\u00e1n\u00ed vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/p>\n

Generovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed nen\u00ed konstantn\u00ed, ale je ve form\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch impuls\u016f. Intenzita a d\u00e9lka t\u011bchto impuls\u016f z\u00e1vis\u00ed na s\u00edle stla\u010den\u00ed krystalu a jeho vlastnostech. Vysok\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9 pro p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed dielektrick\u00e9 pevnosti vzduchu mezi dv\u011bma elektrodami um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdmi v mal\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od sebe. T\u00edmto vznikne jiskra, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 dostate\u010dnou energii k zap\u00e1len\u00ed ho\u0159lav\u00e9 sm\u011bsi, nap\u0159\u00edklad plynu z plynov\u00e9ho spor\u00e1ku nebo zapalova\u010de.<\/p>\n

Konstrukce piezoelektrick\u00e9ho zapalova\u010de<\/p>\n

Zapalova\u010d se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u010c\u00e1st<\/th>\nFunkce<\/th>\nMateri\u00e1l<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00fd krystal<\/td>\nGeneruje vysok\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i stla\u010den\u00ed<\/td>\nK\u0159emen, Titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Klad\u00edvko<\/td>\nStla\u010duje piezoelektrick\u00fd krystal<\/td>\nKov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Elektrody<\/td>\nZaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed odvod generovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\nKov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jisk\u0159i\u0161t\u011b<\/td>\nM\u00edsto, kde vznik\u00e1 jiskra<\/td>\nKov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tla\u010d\u00edtko<\/td>\nAktivuje mechanismus stla\u010den\u00ed krystalu<\/td>\nPlast<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u011blo<\/td>\nChr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch komponent zapalova\u010de<\/td>\nPlast, kov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi typy zapalova\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 zapalova\u010de se odli\u0161uj\u00ed od jin\u00fdch typ\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad od zapalova\u010d\u016f s k\u0159esac\u00edm kamenem, hlavn\u011b v mechanizmu generov\u00e1n\u00ed jiskry. K\u0159esac\u00ed zapalova\u010de vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 t\u0159en\u00ed, zat\u00edmco piezoelektrick\u00e9 zapalova\u010de vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd jev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ zapalova\u010de<\/th>\nMechanismus generov\u00e1n\u00ed jiskry<\/th>\nV\u00fdhody<\/th>\nNev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00fd<\/td>\nPiezoelektrick\u00fd efekt<\/td>\nSpolehliv\u00fd, bez nutnosti n\u00e1pln\u011b, dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed cena, men\u0161\u00ed s\u00edla jiskry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u0159esac\u00ed s k\u0159esac\u00edm kamenem<\/td>\nMechanick\u00e9 t\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1 cena, snadn\u00e1 dostupnost<\/td>\nKrat\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotnost, nutnost v\u00fdm\u011bny k\u0159esac\u00edho kamene<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u017divotnost a \u00fadr\u017eba<\/p>\n

\u017divotnost piezoelektrick\u00e9ho zapalova\u010de je obecn\u011b vysok\u00e1. Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou selh\u00e1n\u00ed je mechanick\u00e9 opot\u0159eben\u00ed klad\u00edvka a krystalu. \u00dadr\u017eba je minim\u00e1ln\u00ed a spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pravideln\u00e9m \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed od ne\u010distot, kter\u00e9 by mohly br\u00e1nit spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd zapalova\u010d je d\u016fmysln\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 efektivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt k generov\u00e1n\u00ed jiskry pro zap\u00e1len\u00ed plynu. Jeho jednoduch\u00e1 konstrukce, dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost a snadn\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed popul\u00e1rn\u00ed volbu v dom\u00e1cnostech i v pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00fd zapalova\u010d je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00fd jev k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jiskry pro zap\u00e1len\u00ed plynu. Jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed je zalo\u017eeno na principu, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 krystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, kdy\u017e jsou mechanicky nam\u00e1h\u00e1ny (stla\u010dov\u00e1ny nebo natahov\u00e1ny), generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Toto nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00e9 k projit\u00ed jiskrou p\u0159es malou mezeru, \u010d\u00edm\u017e dojde k zap\u00e1len\u00ed ho\u0159lav\u00e9 sm\u011bsi. Tento proces je<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26482,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61091","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61091"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61091\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61091"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61091"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61091"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}