{"id":61236,"date":"2023-04-21T14:24:36","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T19:24:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-does-a-piezoelectric-generator-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:05:46","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:05:46","slug":"how-does-a-piezoelectric-generator-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-does-a-piezoelectric-generator-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezogener\u00e1tory: princip funkce a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed technologii s potenci\u00e1lem pro \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v oblasti sb\u011bru energie z vibrac\u00ed a tlaku.  Funguj\u00ed na principu piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve vzniku elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje v n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.  Tento jev je obousm\u011brn\u00fd \u2013  aplikace elektrick\u00e9ho pole na piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l vede k jeho deformaci.  V gener\u00e1torech se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 opa\u010dn\u00fd proces, kdy mechanick\u00e1 energie (nap\u0159. vibrace) se transformuje na energii elektrickou.  Poj\u010fme se podrobn\u011bji pod\u00edvat na procesy, kter\u00e9 se v t\u011bchto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev a pou\u017eit\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladem piezoelektrick\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru je piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Tyto materi\u00e1ly, typicky krystalick\u00e9 struktury, vykazuj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd jev d\u00edky sv\u00e9 asymetrick\u00e9 krystalov\u00e9 struktu\u0159e.  P\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (tlaku, tahu, ohybu, st\u0159ihu) se v materi\u00e1lu deformuje krystalov\u00e1 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eka a doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159eskupen\u00ed n\u00e1boj\u016f, co\u017e vede k vzniku elektrick\u00e9ho pole a n\u00e1sledn\u011b elektrick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu na povrchu materi\u00e1lu.  Nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi piezoelektrick\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly jsou kvartzov\u00fd k\u0159emen (SiO\u2082), titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083), a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm  p-type piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, z nich\u017e jsou \u010dasto tvo\u0159eny tenk\u00e9 vrstvy pro miniaturizovan\u00e9 aplikace. V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00fdch vlastnostech gener\u00e1toru, jako je citlivost, mechanick\u00e1 odolnost a provozn\u00ed frekvence.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>Piezoelektrick\u00fd koeficient (pC\/N)<\/th>\n<th>Mechanick\u00e1 odolnost<\/th>\n<th>Teplotn\u00ed stabilita<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Kvartzov\u00fd k\u0159emen<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>BaTiO\u2083<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PZT (P\u011bchov\u00e9)<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Konstrukce a princip \u010dinnosti<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd gener\u00e1tor se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z jedn\u00e9 nebo v\u00edce piezoelektrick\u00fdch element\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou mechanicky spojeny s mechanismem, kter\u00fd p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed mechanickou energii na deformaci piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.  Tato deformace pak generuje elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj. Jednoduch\u00fd gener\u00e1tor m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tvo\u0159en jedn\u00edm piezoelektrick\u00fdm elementem, ale slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konstrukce vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed  mnoho element\u016f zapojen\u00fdch paraleln\u011b nebo s\u00e9riov\u011b pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed nebo proudu.  Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je efektivn\u00ed p\u0159enos mechanick\u00e9 energie do piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a minimalizace ztr\u00e1t v syst\u00e9mu.  Zp\u016fsob p\u0159enosu energie z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zdroji vibrac\u00ed.  M\u016f\u017ee se jednat o p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 spojen\u00ed, rezonan\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m nebo jinou metodu.<\/p>\n<p>Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch gener\u00e1tor\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed st\u00e1le \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech.  Mezi nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed energie z vibrac\u00ed:<\/strong>  Gener\u00e1tory lze integrovat do r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako jsou mobiln\u00ed telefony, hodinky, nebo senzory pro nap\u00e1jen\u00ed n\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edkonov\u00e9 elektroniky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Senzov\u00e9 aplikace:<\/strong>  Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k detekci tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, a vibrac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 konverze energie:<\/strong>  V n\u011bkter\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch se gener\u00e1tory vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 konverzi mechanick\u00e9 energie na elektrickou bez nutnosti dal\u0161\u00edch komponent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Omezen\u00ed a budoucnost<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee piezoelektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory nab\u00edzej\u00ed mnoho v\u00fdhod, existuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bomezen\u00ed.  V\u00fdstupn\u00ed v\u00fdkon gener\u00e1tor\u016f je \u010dasto n\u00edzk\u00fd a z\u00e1vis\u00ed na intenzit\u011b a frekvenci vibrac\u00ed.  D\u00e1le se efektivita konverze energie li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na pou\u017eit\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu a konstrukci.  V\u00fdzkum se zam\u011b\u0159uje na zlep\u0161en\u00ed materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed, optimalizaci konstrukc\u00ed a v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed pro tato za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.  V\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi piezoelektrick\u00fdmi koeficienty a lep\u0161\u00ed mechanickou odolnost\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed efektivity a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch gener\u00e1tor\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed slibnou technologii pro sb\u011br energie z mechanick\u00fdch vibrac\u00ed.  I p\u0159es sou\u010dasn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed, neust\u00e1l\u00fd v\u00fdvoj materi\u00e1l\u016f a konstruk\u010dn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k jejich \u0161irok\u00e9mu nasazen\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, od autonomn\u00edch senzor\u016f a\u017e po miniaturizovan\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro sb\u011br energie z okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed technologii s potenci\u00e1lem pro \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v oblasti sb\u011bru energie z vibrac\u00ed a tlaku. Funguj\u00ed na principu piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve vzniku elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje v n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento jev je obousm\u011brn\u00fd \u2013 aplikace elektrick\u00e9ho pole na piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l vede k jeho deformaci. V gener\u00e1torech<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24648,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61236","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61236"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61236\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}