{"id":61251,"date":"2023-04-21T14:23:11","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T19:23:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-does-a-piezo-sensor-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:05:44","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:05:44","slug":"how-does-a-piezo-sensor-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-does-a-piezo-sensor-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezosn\u00edma\u010d: princip funkce a praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00fd senzor je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak. Jeho princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed je zalo\u017een na piezoelektrick\u00e9m efektu, unik\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na principy fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezo senzor\u016f, jejich typy a aplikace.<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt popisuje schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159emen, keramika (nap\u0159. PZT – zirkon\u00e1t-titanan olovnat\u00fd) a n\u011bkter\u00e9 polymery, generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (tlak, tah, vibrace). Tento efekt je vratn\u00fd, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee aplikovan\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 pole m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit deformaci materi\u00e1lu. Na atomov\u00e9 \u00farovni je tento efekt zp\u016fsoben asymetrick\u00fdm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm iont\u016f v krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece. Mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed naru\u0161uje tuto rovnov\u00e1hu a vede k akumulaci n\u00e1boje na povrchu materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

Typy piezo senzor\u016f<\/h3>\n

Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f piezo senzor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed podle tvaru, materi\u00e1lu a zp\u016fsobu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ senzoru<\/th>\nMateri\u00e1l<\/th>\nPrincip m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/th>\nAplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Kompresn\u00ed<\/td>\nKeramika (PZT)<\/td>\nM\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku<\/td>\nTlakov\u00e9 senzory, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shear<\/td>\nK\u0159emen, keramika<\/td>\nM\u011b\u0159en\u00ed smykov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\nM\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vibrac\u00ed, akcelerace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flexibiln\u00ed<\/td>\nPolymery<\/td>\nM\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ohybu<\/td>\nM\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, vibrace, deformace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Akcelera\u010dn\u00ed<\/td>\nKeramika (PZT)<\/td>\nM\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed<\/td>\nAutomobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Konstrukce a funkce piezo senzoru<\/h3>\n

Typick\u00fd piezo senzor se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku, kter\u00fd je obklopen vodiv\u00fdmi elektrodami. Mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje generov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje na elektrod\u00e1ch. Velikost generovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 velikosti mechanick\u00e9ho nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento n\u00e1boj je pot\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en pomoc\u00ed obvodu s vysokou impedanc\u00ed, kter\u00fd minimalizuje ztr\u00e1ty n\u00e1boje. M\u011b\u0159en\u00fd n\u00e1boj se n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd mechanick\u00e9mu vlivu. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je zm\u00ednit, \u017ee piezo senzory jsou obecn\u011b citliv\u00e9 na frekvenci a amplitudy mechanick\u00e9ho nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Aplikace piezo senzor\u016f<\/h3>\n

Piezo senzory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oborech:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku:<\/strong> V pneumatik\u00e1ch, hydraulick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/li>\n
  • M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edly:<\/strong> V pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech, v\u00e1h\u00e1ch, senzor\u016f s\u00edly v robotice.<\/li>\n
  • M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vibrac\u00ed:<\/strong> V monitoringu stroj\u016f, detekci zvuk\u016f, automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu.<\/li>\n
  • Akcelerace:<\/strong> V airbagov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, elektronick\u00fdch stabiliza\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech.<\/li>\n
  • Generov\u00e1n\u00ed vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed:<\/strong> V za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch pro zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed, piezoelektrick\u00fdch zapalova\u010d\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Omezen\u00ed piezo senzor\u016f<\/h3>\n

    P\u0159esto\u017ee jsou piezo senzory velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, maj\u00ed i sv\u00e1 omezen\u00ed:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Citlivost na teplotu:<\/strong> Charakteristiky senzoru se mohou m\u011bnit s teplotou.<\/li>\n
    • Omezen\u00e1 \u017eivotnost:<\/strong> P\u0159i vysok\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k degradaci piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n
    • Hystereze:<\/strong> Vztah mezi mechanick\u00fdm nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm a generovan\u00fdm n\u00e1bojem nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy line\u00e1rn\u00ed.<\/li>\n
    • Pot\u0159eba zes\u00edlen\u00ed sign\u00e1lu:<\/strong> Generovan\u00fd sign\u00e1l je \u010dasto slab\u00fd a vy\u017eaduje zes\u00edlen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Piezoelektrick\u00e9 senzory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st modern\u00ed senzorov\u00e9 technologie. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9 konstrukci, vysok\u00e9 citlivosti a \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi v mnoha pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch a v\u011bdeck\u00fdch experimentech. Pochopen\u00ed jejich principu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a omezen\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro jejich efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Piezoelektrick\u00fd senzor je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak. Jeho princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed je zalo\u017een na piezoelektrick\u00e9m efektu, unik\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na principy fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezo senzor\u016f, jejich typy a aplikace. Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt popisuje schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159emen, keramika<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26466,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61251","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61251","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61251"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61251\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61251"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61251"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61251"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}