{"id":61321,"date":"2023-04-21T14:16:54","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T19:16:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-do-ultrasound-transducers-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:05:35","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:05:35","slug":"how-do-ultrasound-transducers-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-do-ultrasound-transducers-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de: princip a funkce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de, neboli transduc\u00e9ry, jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm komponentem ultrazvukov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed, pr\u016fmyslovou kontrolu materi\u00e1l\u016f nebo jin\u00e9 aplikace. Jejich funkce spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b elektrick\u00e9 energie na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace (ultrazvuk) a naopak.  Tento proces je zalo\u017een na piezoelektrick\u00e9m jevu, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u00ed a reverzibiln\u00ed konverzi mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma formami energie.  Funk\u010dnost a vlastnosti ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed kvalitu a p\u0159esnost z\u00edskan\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev a jeho role v ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u00edch<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev je z\u00e1kladem funkce ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de.  Jedn\u00e1 se o schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u0159emene nebo keramiky (nap\u0159. PZT \u2013 zirkon\u00e1t-titanan olovnat\u00fd), generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. tlaku nebo deformaci) a naopak se mechanicky deformovat p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole. V ultrazvukov\u00e9m sn\u00edma\u010di je piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l tvo\u0159en tenkou vrstvou, kter\u00e1 je  mechanicky propojena s akustick\u00fdm prvkem (\u010dasto se jedn\u00e1 o akustick\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky) a elektricky s gener\u00e1torem a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dem sign\u00e1lu.  P\u0159i aplikaci vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edho elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed se piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l deformuje a generuje ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny.  P\u0159i p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed odra\u017een\u00fdch vln se naopak mechanick\u00e1 deformace zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 dopadaj\u00edc\u00edmi vlnami p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<h3>Typy ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f a jejich charakteristiky<\/h3>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed v konstrukci, frekvenci a aplikaci.  Nej\u010dast\u011bji se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Konvexn\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong>  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se pro zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch oblast\u00ed s men\u0161\u00edm rozli\u0161en\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Line\u00e1rn\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong>  Poskytuj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed v \u00fazk\u00e9m paprsku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sektorov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong>  Generuj\u00ed v\u011bj\u00ed\u0159ovit\u00fd paprsek, vhodn\u00fd pro zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed v omezen\u00e9m prostoru.<\/li>\n<li><strong>F\u00e1zicky \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong> Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed elektronick\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sm\u011bru ultrazvukov\u00e9ho paprsku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ sn\u00edma\u010de<\/th>\n<th>Oblast pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Rozli\u0161en\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Hloubka pr\u016fniku<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Konvexn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>B\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed a gynekologick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Line\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Kardiologie, povrchov\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1 a\u017e st\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sektorov\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>Kardiologie, endokardi\u00e1ln\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>F\u00e1zicky \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>Pokro\u010dil\u00e9 zobrazovac\u00ed techniky<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>Variabiln\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Zes\u00edlen\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n<p>Sign\u00e1l p\u0159ijat\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fdm prvkem je velmi slab\u00fd a vy\u017eaduje zes\u00edlen\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.  Tento proces zahrnuje filtraci \u0161umu, amplifikaci a konverzi analogov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed form\u00e1t pro n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a zobrazen\u00ed.  Kvalita zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed kvalitn\u00edho obrazu.  Pokro\u010dil\u00e9 ultrazvukov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sofistikovan\u00e9 algoritmy pro potla\u010den\u00ed \u0161umu a zlep\u0161en\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed obrazu.<\/p>\n<h3>Vliv akustick\u00e9ho impedance na p\u0159enos ultrazvuku<\/h3>\n<p>Akustick\u00e1 impedance je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159enos ultrazvuku mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi m\u00e9dii.  Rozd\u00edly v akustick\u00e9 impedanci zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed odraz a lom ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln na rozhran\u00ed mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly.  Pro optimalizaci p\u0159enosu ultrazvuku se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed akustick\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky a vazel\u00edna, kter\u00e9 minimalizuj\u00ed odrazy a zlep\u0161uj\u00ed p\u0159enos energie do vy\u0161et\u0159ovan\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de jsou sofistikovan\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jejich\u017e funkce je zalo\u017eena na piezoelektrick\u00e9m jevu.  Typ sn\u00edma\u010de, kvalita zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu a akustick\u00e9 impedance ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed celkovou kvalitu a efektivitu ultrazvukov\u00e9ho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed.  Pokrok v oblasti materi\u00e1l\u016f a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu neust\u00e1le zlep\u0161uje parametry a mo\u017enosti ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v mnoha oblastech.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de, neboli transduc\u00e9ry, jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm komponentem ultrazvukov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed, pr\u016fmyslovou kontrolu materi\u00e1l\u016f nebo jin\u00e9 aplikace. Jejich funkce spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b elektrick\u00e9 energie na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace (ultrazvuk) a naopak. Tento proces je zalo\u017een na piezoelektrick\u00e9m jevu, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u00ed a reverzibiln\u00ed konverzi mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma formami energie. Funk\u010dnost a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24654,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61321","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61321"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61321\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24654"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}