{"id":61331,"date":"2023-04-21T14:15:59","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T19:15:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-do-ultrasonic-transducers-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:05:34","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:05:34","slug":"how-do-ultrasonic-transducers-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-do-ultrasonic-transducers-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de: princip funkce a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem v mnoha aplikac\u00edch, od l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po pr\u016fmyslovou automatizaci.  Funguj\u00ed na principu p\u0159em\u011bny elektrick\u00e9 energie na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace a naopak, vyu\u017e\u00edvaje jevu piezoelekt\u0159iny.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na principy jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt a jeho role<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm principem fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt.  Tento efekt popisuje schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u0159emen nebo titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083), generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9 deformaci (p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt) a naopak, m\u011bnit sv\u00e9 rozm\u011bry p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole (obr\u00e1cen\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt).  V ultrazvukov\u00e9m sn\u00edma\u010di se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b obr\u00e1cen\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt.  Elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l aplikovan\u00fd na piezoelektrick\u00fd prvek zp\u016fsob\u00ed jeho vibrace na ultrazvukov\u00e9 frekvenci (v\u011bt\u0161inou nad 20 kHz), kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed ve form\u011b ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.<\/p>\n<h3>Konstrukce ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de<\/h3>\n<p>Typick\u00fd ultrazvukov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00fd prvek:<\/strong>  Tvo\u0159\u00ed srdce sn\u00edma\u010de a je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za p\u0159em\u011bnu elektrick\u00e9 energie na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace a naopak.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tlumi\u010d:<\/strong>  Slou\u017e\u00ed k omezen\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch vibrac\u00ed a zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti p\u0159enosu energie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ochrann\u00fd kryt:<\/strong>  Chr\u00e1ni piezoelektrick\u00fd prvek p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Elektrody:<\/strong>  Zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed spojen\u00ed s elektrick\u00fdm obvodem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed:<\/strong>  V z\u00e1vislosti na aplikaci se mohou vyskytovat dal\u0161\u00ed komponenty, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad akustick\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky pro ost\u0159en\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch paprsk\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Druhy ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed a vlastnostmi:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ sn\u00edma\u010de<\/th>\n<th>Frekvence<\/th>\n<th>Aplikace<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Nev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Kontaktn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>20 kHz &#8211; 100 MHz<\/td>\n<td>L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 kontrola<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 citlivost, vysok\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Nutnost kontaktu s materi\u00e1lem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nekontaktn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>40 kHz &#8211; 1 MHz<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti, detekce objekt\u016f<\/td>\n<td>Bezkontaktn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, vysok\u00e1 rychlost<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed citlivost, ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kapacitn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>1 MHz &#8211; 100 MHz<\/td>\n<td>L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed, nedestruktivn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost, vysok\u00e1 citlivost<\/td>\n<td>Slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konstrukce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Princip detekce odra\u017een\u00fdch vln<\/h3>\n<p>Po vysl\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln se \u010d\u00e1st energie odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed od objekt\u016f v cest\u011b.  Odra\u017een\u00e9 vlny jsou zachyceny ultrazvukov\u00fdm sn\u00edma\u010dem, op\u011bt d\u00edky piezoelektrick\u00e9mu efektu, tentokr\u00e1t v re\u017eimu p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bny mechanick\u00e9 energie na elektrickou.  Z charakteristik p\u0159ijat\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu (\u010dasov\u00e1 prodleva, amplituda) lze ur\u010dit vzd\u00e1lenost, velikost a vlastnosti objekt\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Aplikace ultrazvukov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed (ultrazvuk), pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 kontroly (detekce vad), m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti, automatizace a dal\u0161\u00edch.  V l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed je jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro neinvazivn\u00ed diagnostiku.<\/p>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed sofistikovan\u00e9 technologie s \u0161irok\u00fdm uplatn\u011bn\u00edm. Jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed je zalo\u017eeno na efektivn\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159em\u011bnu elektrick\u00e9 energie na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace a naopak, a t\u00edm i generaci a detekci ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.  D\u00edky sv\u00fdm vlastnostem a v\u0161estrannosti jsou nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnoha technologi\u00ed a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem v mnoha aplikac\u00edch, od l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po pr\u016fmyslovou automatizaci. Funguj\u00ed na principu p\u0159em\u011bny elektrick\u00e9 energie na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace a naopak, vyu\u017e\u00edvaje jevu piezoelekt\u0159iny. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na principy jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed. Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt a jeho role Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm principem fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt. Tento efekt popisuje schopnost<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19422,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61331"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61331\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19422"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}