{"id":61361,"date":"2023-04-21T14:12:14","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T19:12:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-do-ultrasonic-baths-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:05:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:05:29","slug":"how-do-ultrasonic-baths-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-do-ultrasonic-baths-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrazvukov\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b: princip a vyu\u017eit\u00ed v praxi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b se staly nepostradateln\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem v mnoha oblastech, od \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u0161perk\u016f a\u017e po p\u0159\u00edpravu vzork\u016f v laborato\u0159\u00edch.  Funguj\u00ed na principu vyu\u017eit\u00ed ultrazvuku k efektivn\u00edmu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a prom\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f pono\u0159en\u00fdch v kapalin\u011b.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f a vysv\u011btl\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty jejich technologie.<\/p>\n<h3>Generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuku<\/h3>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b generuj\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny pomoc\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch m\u011bni\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou um\u00edst\u011bny na dn\u011b n\u00e1dr\u017ee.  Tyto m\u011bni\u010de se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z keramick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu elektrick\u00e9ho proudu deformuj\u00ed a generuj\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 vibrace o frekvenci v rozsahu 20 kHz a\u017e 40 kHz \u2013 tedy nad hranic\u00ed sly\u0161itelnosti lidsk\u00e9ho ucha. Frekvence a intenzita ultrazvuku se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na modelu a v\u00fdrobci l\u00e1zn\u011b.  Vysok\u00e1 frekvence zaru\u010duje efektivn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed i v t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/p>\n<h3>Kavitace: Kl\u00ed\u010d k \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9mu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm principem \u00fa\u010dinnosti ultrazvukov\u00fdch l\u00e1zn\u00ed je jev zvan\u00fd kavitace.  Ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny v kapalin\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed oblasti s vysok\u00fdm a n\u00edzk\u00fdm tlakem, kter\u00e9 se st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed s vysokou frekvenc\u00ed.  V oblastech s n\u00edzk\u00fdm tlakem doch\u00e1z\u00ed k tvorb\u011b mal\u00fdch bublin (kavita\u010dn\u00edch bublin), kter\u00e9 se v oblastech s vysok\u00fdm tlakem prudce zhrout\u00ed.  Tato imploze bublin generuje mikroskopick\u00e9 proudy a r\u00e1zov\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b odstra\u0148uj\u00ed ne\u010distoty z povrchu pono\u0159en\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost<\/h3>\n<p>\u00da\u010dinnost ultrazvukov\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b je ovlivn\u011bna n\u011bkolika faktory.  Krom\u011b frekvence a intenzity ultrazvuku je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 i teplota kapaliny, typ pou\u017eit\u00e9 kapaliny a doba \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.  Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplota kapaliny obecn\u011b zvy\u0161uje \u00fa\u010dinnost kavitace, stejn\u011b jako vhodn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed \u010distic\u00ed kapaliny.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Faktor<\/th>\n<th>Vliv na \u00fa\u010dinnost<\/th>\n<th>Doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Frekvence<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvence = vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost<\/td>\n<td>Volba frekvence z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Intenzita<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed intenzita = vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost<\/td>\n<td>Nesm\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dit limit pro dan\u00fd materi\u00e1l<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Teplota kapaliny<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplota = vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost<\/td>\n<td>Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota z\u00e1vis\u00ed na pou\u017eit\u00e9 kapalin\u011b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Typ kapaliny<\/td>\n<td>Vliv na \u00fa\u010dinnost kavitace<\/td>\n<td>Volba vhodn\u00e9 kapaliny je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Doba \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Del\u0161\u00ed doba = lep\u0161\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Doba z\u00e1vis\u00ed na stupni zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Aplikace ultrazvukov\u00fdch l\u00e1zn\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech.  Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se k \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u0161perk\u016f, optick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f.  V laborato\u0159\u00edch se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b vzork\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad k \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed biologick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f nebo k odma\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch l\u00e1zn\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.  Je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat vhodn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 pom\u016fcky, jako jsou rukavice a br\u00fdle, a vyvarovat se kontaktu s ultrazvukov\u00fdmi vlnami.  D\u00e1le je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat pokyny v\u00fdrobce a pou\u017e\u00edvat spr\u00e1vnou \u010distic\u00ed kapalinu pro dan\u00fd typ materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed efektivn\u00ed a univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpravu r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.  Pochopen\u00ed principu jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro jejich spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b se staly nepostradateln\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem v mnoha oblastech, od \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u0161perk\u016f a\u017e po p\u0159\u00edpravu vzork\u016f v laborato\u0159\u00edch. Funguj\u00ed na principu vyu\u017eit\u00ed ultrazvuku k efektivn\u00edmu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a prom\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f pono\u0159en\u00fdch v kapalin\u011b. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f a vysv\u011btl\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty jejich technologie. Generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuku Ultrazvukov\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b generuj\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26475,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61361","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61361"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61361\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}