{"id":61391,"date":"2023-04-21T14:09:52","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T19:09:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-do-piezoelectric-actuators-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:05:24","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:05:24","slug":"how-do-piezoelectric-actuators-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-do-piezoelectric-actuators-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory: princip funkce a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed technologii s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed, od mikroskopick\u00fdch posuv\u016f v p\u0159esn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch a\u017e po generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuku v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech.  Funk\u010dn\u00ed princip t\u011bchto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 na piezoelektrick\u00e9m jevu, unik\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na elektrick\u00e9 pole mechanickou deformac\u00ed a naopak.  Pochopen\u00ed tohoto jevu je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro pochopen\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed samotn\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd jev je zalo\u017een na schopnosti ur\u010dit\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159emen, keramika (nap\u0159. PZT &#8211; zirkon\u00e1t-titan\u00e1t olovnat\u00fd) nebo n\u011bkter\u00e9 polymery, generovat elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed (p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd jev) a naopak se deformovat p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole (obr\u00e1cen\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd jev).  Tento jev je zp\u016fsoben asymetrick\u00fdm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm atom\u016f v krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece.  Aplikace elektrick\u00e9ho pole zp\u016fsob\u00ed posunut\u00ed t\u011bchto atom\u016f a t\u00edm i deformaci materi\u00e1lu.  Velikost deformace je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 s\u00edle aplikovan\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho pole.<\/p>\n<h3>Typy piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f, li\u0161\u00edc\u00edch se designem a zp\u016fsobem aplikace s\u00edly. Mezi nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 desti\u010dky:<\/strong> Jednoduch\u00e9, ale \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory, kter\u00e9 se deformuj\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na aplikovan\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 stohy:<\/strong>  Skl\u00e1daj\u00ed se z mnoha tenk\u00fdch keramick\u00fdch desti\u010dek zapojen\u00fdch do s\u00e9rie, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se dosahuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho zdvihu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 trubice:<\/strong> Nab\u00edz\u00ed radi\u00e1ln\u00ed a axi\u00e1ln\u00ed pohyb a jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro aplikace vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed s\u00edlu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 bimorfy:<\/strong>  Skl\u00e1daj\u00ed se ze dvou keramick\u00fdch desti\u010dek s opa\u010dnou polaritou, kter\u00e9 se oh\u00fdbaj\u00ed p\u0159i aplikaci nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ aktu\u00e1toru<\/th>\n<th>Zdvih<\/th>\n<th>S\u00edla<\/th>\n<th>Aplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Keramick\u00e1 desti\u010dka<\/td>\n<td>Mikrometry<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>Jemn\u00e9 polohov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoelektrick\u00fd stoh<\/td>\n<td>Des\u00edtky mikrometr\u016f<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>P\u0159esn\u00e9 polohov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoelektrick\u00e1 trubice<\/td>\n<td>Mikrometry a\u017e milimetry<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>Ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny, ultrazvuk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezoelektrick\u00fd bimorf<\/td>\n<td>Mikrometry a\u017e milimetry<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e9 a\u017e st\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Senzory, mikromanipul\u00e1tory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159esn\u00e9 polohov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> V mikroskopii, nanotechnologi\u00edch, optice a stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aktut\u00e1tory v ultrazvukov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch:<\/strong>  Nap\u0159\u00edklad v gener\u00e1torech ultrazvuku pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed.  V n\u011bkter\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u00e1 kontrola frekvence a amplitudy ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln, co\u017e piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory efektivn\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed.  Syst\u00e9my od firmy Beijing Ultrasonic jsou v tomto ohledu p\u0159\u00edkladem \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 technologie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Senzory:<\/strong>  Vzhledem k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu piezoelektrick\u00e9mu jevu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako senzory tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed a s\u00edly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inkjet tisk\u00e1rny:<\/strong>  Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory \u0159\u00edd\u00ed v\u00fdst\u0159ik inkoustu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Omezen\u00ed a v\u00fdzvy<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory nab\u00edzej\u00ed mnoho v\u00fdhod, existuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bn\u011bkter\u00e1 omezen\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mal\u00fd zdvih:<\/strong>  Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi typy aktu\u00e1tor\u016f je zdvih piezoelektrick\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f obecn\u011b mal\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hystereze:<\/strong>  Vztah mezi aplikovan\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm a deformac\u00ed nen\u00ed line\u00e1rn\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee komplikovat \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Citlivost na teplotu:<\/strong>  Vlastnosti piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f se m\u011bn\u00ed s teplotou.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory jsou vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 komponenty s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed.  Pochopen\u00ed jejich funk\u010dn\u00edho principu a omezen\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro jejich efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch technick\u00fdch oborech.  Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj materi\u00e1l\u016f a designu aktu\u00e1tor\u016f slibuje dal\u0161\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jejich aplikac\u00ed v budoucnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed technologii s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed, od mikroskopick\u00fdch posuv\u016f v p\u0159esn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch a\u017e po generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuku v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech. Funk\u010dn\u00ed princip t\u011bchto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 na piezoelektrick\u00e9m jevu, unik\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na elektrick\u00e9 pole mechanickou deformac\u00ed a naopak. Pochopen\u00ed tohoto jevu je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro pochopen\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed samotn\u00fdch aktu\u00e1tor\u016f. Piezoelektrick\u00fd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26480,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61391"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61391\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}