{"id":61396,"date":"2023-04-21T14:09:26","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T19:09:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-do-piezo-transducers-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:05:23","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:05:23","slug":"how-do-piezo-transducers-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-do-piezo-transducers-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de: princip funkce a pou\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de, neboli piezotransduc\u00e9ry, jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento princip, zalo\u017een\u00fd na piezoelektrick\u00e9m efektu, nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku a zrychlen\u00ed a\u017e po generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuku.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed jev, kdy se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech, jako je k\u0159emen, turmal\u00edn nebo syntetick\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 keramiky (nap\u0159. PZT &#8211; olovo-zirkon\u00e1t-titani\u010dit\u00fd), objev\u00ed elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.  Tento n\u00e1boj je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd velikosti s\u00edly p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na krystal.  Obdobn\u011b, aplikac\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole na tyto materi\u00e1ly doch\u00e1z\u00ed k jejich mechanick\u00e9 deformaci \u2013 tzv. inverzn\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt.  Tento vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd vztah mezi mechanick\u00fdm a elektrick\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm je z\u00e1kladem fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezotransducer\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Konstrukce piezotransducer\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Piezotransduc\u00e9ry se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku, obvykle ve form\u011b tenk\u00e9 desti\u010dky nebo vrstvy, a elektrod, kter\u00e9 jsou s n\u00edm spojeny. Elektrody slou\u017e\u00ed k sb\u011bru generovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje nebo k aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole.  Konstrukce se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed.  Pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuku se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 desti\u010dky s rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed v ultrazvukov\u00e9m rozsahu.  Pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku se naopak pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed senzory s robustn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 odol\u00e1 vysok\u00fdm tlak\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Aplikace piezotransducer\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Piezotransduc\u00e9ry nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aplikace<\/th>\n<th>Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>P\u0159\u00edklady<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku<\/td>\n<td>Mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku tlakem<\/td>\n<td>Tlakov\u00e9 senzory v pneumatik\u00e1ch, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku zrychlen\u00edm<\/td>\n<td>Akcelerometry v automobilech, smart telefonech<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuku<\/td>\n<td>Aplikace elektrick\u00e9ho pole na piezoelektrick\u00fd prvek<\/td>\n<td>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010disti\u010dky, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed (ultrazvuk)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Zapalova\u010de<\/td>\n<td>Mechanick\u00e9 stla\u010den\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku<\/td>\n<td>Zapalova\u010de plynov\u00fdch spor\u00e1k\u016f, zapalova\u010de k zapalova\u010dk\u00e1m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Aktu\u00e1tory (p\u0159esn\u00e9 polohov\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/td>\n<td>Inverzn\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt<\/td>\n<td>Mikro manipulace, p\u0159esn\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed zaost\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdkon piezotransducer\u016f<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdkon piezotransducer\u016f je ovlivn\u011bn n\u011bkolika faktory, v\u010detn\u011b typu pou\u017eit\u00e9ho piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, jeho geometrie, teploty a frekvence.  Nap\u0159\u00edklad, r\u016fzn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly vykazuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 koeficienty, co\u017e ovliv\u0148uje citlivost a efektivitu p\u0159evodu.  Frekven\u010dn\u00ed charakteristika je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na pro aplikace, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuku s p\u0159esn\u011b definovanou frekvenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/p>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st modern\u00ed technologie. Jejich schopnost p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak, umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich \u0161irok\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech.  Pochopen\u00ed princip\u016f jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro efektivn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh a aplikaci t\u011bchto v\u0161estrann\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de, neboli piezotransduc\u00e9ry, jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed mechanickou energii na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento princip, zalo\u017een\u00fd na piezoelektrick\u00e9m efektu, nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech, od m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku a zrychlen\u00ed a\u017e po generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvuku. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f. Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19421,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61396"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61396\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}