{"id":61401,"date":"2023-04-21T14:08:57","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T19:08:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-do-piezo-discs-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:05:23","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:05:23","slug":"how-do-piezo-discs-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-do-piezo-discs-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 disky: princip funkce a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 disky, neboli piezoelektrick\u00e9 prvky, jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd jev piezoelekt\u0159iny k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b mechanick\u00e9 energie na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento jev, objeven\u00fd v roce 1880 Jacquesem a Pierrem Curieov\u00fdmi, spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v schopnosti ur\u010dit\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (tlaku nebo deformaci) a naopak se deformovat p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole. Tento princip le\u017e\u00ed v srdci fungov\u00e1n\u00ed piezo disk\u016f a umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich \u0161irok\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch technologi\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Krystalov\u00e1 struktura a piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je d\u016fsledkem asymetrick\u00e9 krystalov\u00e9 struktury materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je k\u0159emen, keramika (nap\u0159. PZT – olovo-zirkoni\u010ditanov\u00fd titan\u00e1t) nebo n\u011bkter\u00e9 polymery. V t\u011bchto materi\u00e1lech jsou kladn\u00e9 a z\u00e1porn\u00e9 n\u00e1boje distribuov\u00e1ny nerovnom\u011brn\u011b. Mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed naru\u0161uje tuto rovnov\u00e1hu a vede k akumulaci n\u00e1boje na povrchu krystalu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznik\u00e1 elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Naopak, p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole se krystal deformuje v d\u016fsledku elektrostatick\u00fdch sil p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch na jeho dip\u00f3ly.<\/p>\n

Materi\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro piezo disky<\/h3>\n

Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bji se pro v\u00fdrobu piezo disk\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 PZT keramika, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje vysokou piezoelektrickou konstantou a relativn\u011b n\u00edzkou cenou. Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak i dal\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, kter\u00e9 se vol\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na po\u017eadovan\u00e9 aplikaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\nPiezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta<\/th>\nTeplotn\u00ed stabilita<\/th>\nCena<\/th>\nAplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
PZT keramika<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\nUltrazvukov\u00e9 \u010didla, aktu\u00e1tory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u0159emen<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nHodiny, filtry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u011bkter\u00e9 polymery<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\nSenzory tlaku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch disk\u016f<\/h3>\n

Piezo disky nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech. V ultrazvukov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k generov\u00e1n\u00ed vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edch vibrac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed ve form\u011b ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln. Tyto vlny se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed pro diagnostick\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed, v pr\u016fmyslu pro ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nebo v senzorick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. Dal\u0161\u00ed aplikace zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Zapalova\u010de:<\/strong> Generov\u00e1n\u00ed jiskry k zap\u00e1len\u00ed plynu.<\/li>\n
  • Aktu\u00e1tory:<\/strong> Precizn\u00ed polohov\u00e1n\u00ed v mikro-elektromechanick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech (MEMS).<\/li>\n
  • Senzory tlaku a zrychlen\u00ed:<\/strong> M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku a vibrac\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  • Gener\u00e1tory energie:<\/strong> P\u0159em\u011bna mechanick\u00e9 energie na elektrickou energii (nap\u0159. z vibrac\u00ed).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Omezen\u00ed a faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdkon<\/h3>\n

    \u017divotnost piezo disk\u016f je omezen\u00e1, a to zejm\u00e9na v d\u016fsledku mechanick\u00e9ho nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed a teplotn\u00edch zm\u011bn. V\u00fdkon piezo disk\u016f je ovlivn\u011bn n\u011bkolika faktory, v\u010detn\u011b materi\u00e1lu, geometrie, frekvence a amplitudy mechanick\u00e9ho nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed nebo elektrick\u00e9ho pole. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu a designu je proto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed funkci.<\/p>\n

    Piezoelektrick\u00e9 disky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st mnoha technologi\u00ed, jejich\u017e princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed je zalo\u017een na unik\u00e1tn\u00edm jevu piezoelekt\u0159iny. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 kompaktn\u00ed velikosti, vysok\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti a \u0161irok\u00e9mu rozsahu aplikac\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed piezo disky kl\u00ed\u010dovou technologi\u00ed s potenci\u00e1lem pro dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj a inovace. Pochopen\u00ed jejich funk\u010dn\u00edho principu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jejich potenci\u00e1lu v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oborech.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Piezoelektrick\u00e9 disky, neboli piezoelektrick\u00e9 prvky, jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd jev piezoelekt\u0159iny k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b mechanick\u00e9 energie na energii elektrickou a naopak. Tento jev, objeven\u00fd v roce 1880 Jacquesem a Pierrem Curieov\u00fdmi, spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v schopnosti ur\u010dit\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (tlaku nebo deformaci) a naopak se deformovat p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23758,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61401"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61401\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}