{"id":61485,"date":"2023-04-21T13:49:03","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T18:49:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/diy-ultrasonic-sensor\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:04:35","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:04:35","slug":"diy-ultrasonic-sensor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/diy-ultrasonic-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrazvukov\u00fd senzor: N\u00e1vod na vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdrobu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 senzory se staly v posledn\u00edch letech velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed DIY projekt\u016f.  Nab\u00edzej\u00ed jednoduch\u00fd a spolehliv\u00fd zp\u016fsob m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti k objekt\u016fm, a to s relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na to, jak si takov\u00fd senzor m\u016f\u017eete postavit sami doma, od v\u00fdb\u011bru sou\u010d\u00e1stek a\u017e po jeho zapojen\u00ed a kalibraci.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdb\u011br sou\u010d\u00e1stek<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem va\u0161eho DIY ultrazvukov\u00e9ho senzoru bude ultrazvukov\u00fd transceiver.  Tyto moduly jsou dostupn\u00e9 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch variant\u00e1ch, li\u0161\u00edc\u00edch se parametry jako rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, p\u0159esnost a nap\u00e1jec\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed.  Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu DIY projekt\u016f posta\u010d\u00ed modul s rozsahem n\u011bkolika metr\u016f a p\u0159esnost\u00ed v \u0159\u00e1du centimetr\u016f.  Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zvolit modul s vhodnou frekvenc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je kompatibiln\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami.  Krom\u011b transceiveru budete pot\u0159ebovat mikro\u0159adi\u010d (nap\u0159. Arduino UNO), nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj a spojovac\u00ed vodi\u010de.  M\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt breadboard pro snaz\u0161\u00ed prototypov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Sou\u010d\u00e1stka<\/th>\n<th>Specifikace (P\u0159\u00edklad)<\/th>\n<th>Dodavatel (P\u0159\u00edklad)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ultrazvukov\u00fd transceiver<\/td>\n<td>HC-SR04<\/td>\n<td>Aliexpress<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mikro\u0159adi\u010d<\/td>\n<td>Arduino UNO<\/td>\n<td>SparkFun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj<\/td>\n<td>5V, 1A<\/td>\n<td>Lok\u00e1ln\u00ed obchod<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Spojovac\u00ed vodi\u010de<\/td>\n<td>Jumper dr\u00e1tky<\/td>\n<td>Lok\u00e1ln\u00ed obchod<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Zapojen\u00ed senzoru<\/h3>\n<p>Zapojen\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9ho senzoru je relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9.  Transceiver HC-SR04 m\u00e1 obvykle \u010dty\u0159i piny: VCC (nap\u00e1jen\u00ed), GND (zem), TRIG (spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed pin) a ECHO (echo pin).  VCC a GND se p\u0159ipoj\u00ed k nap\u00e1jec\u00edmu zdroji, TRIG k digit\u00e1ln\u00edmu v\u00fdstupu mikro\u0159adi\u010de a ECHO k digit\u00e1ln\u00edmu vstupu.  Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dodr\u017eet spr\u00e1vnou polaritu.  Ne\u017e zapoj\u00edte senzor, ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee je mikro\u0159adi\u010d nap\u00e1jen.<\/p>\n<h3>Programov\u00e1n\u00ed mikro\u0159adi\u010de<\/h3>\n<p>Programov\u00e1n\u00ed mikro\u0159adi\u010de z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zvolen\u00e9m typu (Arduino, ESP32 atd.).  V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Arduina je pot\u0159eba napsat k\u00f3d, kter\u00fd vy\u0161le kr\u00e1tk\u00fd impulz na TRIG pin a pot\u00e9 zm\u011b\u0159\u00ed dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed impulzu na ECHO pinu.  Tato doba je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenosti k objektu.  Existuje mnoho online p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f k\u00f3du pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti s HC-SR04.  Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u011b nastavit \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed a kalibrovat senzor pro dosa\u017een\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Kalibrace senzoru<\/h3>\n<p>Kalibrace senzoru je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.  Vzhledem k vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm faktor\u016fm, jako je teplota a vlhkost, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 upravit k\u00f3d tak, aby kompenzoval p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 odchylky.  To se obvykle prov\u00e1d\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm vzd\u00e1lenosti k objekt\u016fm o zn\u00e1m\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a n\u00e1slednou \u00fapravou konverzn\u00edho faktoru v k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n<h3>Mo\u017en\u00e9 aplikace<\/h3>\n<p>DIY ultrazvukov\u00e9 senzory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch DIY projektech.  M\u016f\u017eete je pou\u017e\u00edt pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti v robotice, automatizaci dom\u00e1cnosti, parkovac\u00edch senzorech nebo jako sou\u010d\u00e1st bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 senzory jsou cenov\u011b dostupn\u00e9 a snadno pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 otev\u00edraj\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro kreativn\u00ed DIY projekty.  S trochou trp\u011blivosti a znalost\u00ed elektroniky si m\u016f\u017eete postavit vlastn\u00ed senzor a za\u010dlenit ho do va\u0161ich inovativn\u00edch projekt\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 senzory se staly v posledn\u00edch letech velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed DIY projekt\u016f. Nab\u00edzej\u00ed jednoduch\u00fd a spolehliv\u00fd zp\u016fsob m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti k objekt\u016fm, a to s relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na to, jak si takov\u00fd senzor m\u016f\u017eete postavit sami doma, od v\u00fdb\u011bru sou\u010d\u00e1stek a\u017e po jeho zapojen\u00ed a kalibraci. V\u00fdb\u011br sou\u010d\u00e1stek Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem va\u0161eho<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26464,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61485"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61485\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}