{"id":61494,"date":"2023-04-21T13:53:40","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T18:53:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/diy-ultrasound-imager\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:04:42","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:04:42","slug":"diy-ultrasound-imager","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/diy-ultrasound-imager\/","title":{"rendered":"DIY ultrazvukov\u00fd zobrazova\u010d: krok za krokem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho zobrazova\u010de je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, ale fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed projekt, kter\u00fd kombinuje znalosti z elektroniky, programov\u00e1n\u00ed a fyziky.  Nen\u00ed to \u00fakol pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky, ale s dostate\u010dnou trp\u011blivost\u00ed a pe\u010dliv\u00fdm pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm je dosa\u017eiteln\u00fd.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek prozkoum\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty konstrukce takov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazovac\u00ed techniky<\/h3>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed se op\u00edr\u00e1 o vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln (s frekvenc\u00ed nad 20 kHz), kter\u00e9 se odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed od r\u016fzn\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed v t\u011ble.  \u010cas n\u00e1vratu odra\u017een\u00fdch vln ur\u010duje vzd\u00e1lenost objektu, zat\u00edmco intenzita odra\u017een\u00fdch vln poskytuje informaci o hustot\u011b tk\u00e1n\u011b.  Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto dat pak generuje obraz.  Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi komponentami jsou ultrazvukov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d (transducer), kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed jako vys\u00edla\u010d i p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d, zesilova\u010d sign\u00e1lu a analogov\u011b-digit\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edk (ADC) pro digitalizaci p\u0159ijat\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f.  Pot\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduje zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1l\u016f a tvorba obrazu pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdb\u011br hardwarov\u00fdch komponent<\/h3>\n<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je ultrazvukov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d.  Jejich vlastnosti se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na frekvenci, citlivosti a velikosti.  Pro DIY projekt je vhodn\u00e9 zvolit sn\u00edma\u010d s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed (nap\u0159. 2-5 MHz), kter\u00fd nab\u00eddne lep\u0161\u00ed pronik\u00e1n\u00ed do tk\u00e1n\u00ed.  Dal\u0161\u00edmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi komponentami jsou:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Komponenta<\/th>\n<th>Popis<\/th>\n<th>Zdroje<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ultrazvukov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d<\/td>\n<td>Vys\u00edl\u00e1 a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny<\/td>\n<td>eBay, AliExpress, specializovan\u00ed dodavatel\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Zesilova\u010d sign\u00e1lu<\/td>\n<td>Zesiluje slab\u00e9 p\u0159ijat\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly<\/td>\n<td>Analogov\u00e9 zesilova\u010de, nap\u0159. LM741<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ADC<\/td>\n<td>P\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed analogov\u00fd sign\u00e1l na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Arduino, Raspberry Pi, samostatn\u00e9 ADC karty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mikroprocesor<\/td>\n<td>Zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 data a generuje obraz<\/td>\n<td>Arduino, Raspberry Pi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Displej<\/td>\n<td>Zobrazuje v\u00fdsledn\u00fd ultrazvukov\u00fd obraz<\/td>\n<td>LCD displej, monitor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Programov\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n<p>Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed projektu.  Je nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161umu, kompenzaci zeslaben\u00ed sign\u00e1lu s hloubkou a korekci f\u00e1ze.  Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 algoritmy pro zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed, od jednoduch\u00fdch A-m\u00f3du (amplitudov\u00e9ho m\u00f3du) a\u017e po sofistikovan\u00e9 B-m\u00f3du (jasov\u00fd m\u00f3d) a M-m\u00f3du (pohybov\u00fd m\u00f3d).  Pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky je doporu\u010deno za\u010d\u00edt s jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edm A-m\u00f3dem, kter\u00fd poskytne z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu.  Programov\u00e1n\u00ed se nej\u010dast\u011bji prov\u00e1d\u00ed v jazyc\u00edch jako C\/C++ nebo Python.<\/p>\n<h3>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed aspekty<\/h3>\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny mohou m\u00edt v z\u00e1vislosti na intenzit\u011b a frekvenci negativn\u00ed dopady na zdrav\u00ed.  P\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu a provozu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 db\u00e1t na dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a omezen\u00ed expozice ultrazvuku.  Je vhodn\u00e9 omezit dobu expozice a pou\u017e\u00edvat n\u00edzkou intenzitu ultrazvuku.  P\u0159ed jak\u00fdmkoli testov\u00e1n\u00edm na \u017eiv\u00fdch organismech je nezbytn\u00e1 konzultace s odborn\u00edkem.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem,  v\u00fdroba vlastn\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho zobrazova\u010de je ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed projekt, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje zna\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti a zku\u0161enosti.  P\u0159esto\u017ee je to n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9,  v\u00fdsledek ve form\u011b funk\u010dn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je velice uspokojuj\u00edc\u00ed a nab\u00edz\u00ed hlub\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed princip\u016f ultrazvukov\u00e9 technologie.  Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit nutnost pe\u010dliv\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdb\u011bru komponent a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho zobrazova\u010de je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, ale fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed projekt, kter\u00fd kombinuje znalosti z elektroniky, programov\u00e1n\u00ed a fyziky. Nen\u00ed to \u00fakol pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky, ale s dostate\u010dnou trp\u011blivost\u00ed a pe\u010dliv\u00fdm pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm je dosa\u017eiteln\u00fd. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek prozkoum\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty konstrukce takov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazovac\u00ed techniky Ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed se op\u00edr\u00e1 o vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln (s frekvenc\u00ed nad<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26485,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61494","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61494"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61494\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26485"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61494"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61494"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}