{"id":61623,"date":"2023-04-21T13:52:52","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T18:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/diy-ultrasonic-wind-sensor\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:04:39","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:04:39","slug":"diy-ultrasonic-wind-sensor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/diy-ultrasonic-wind-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"DIY ultrazvukov\u00fd anemometr: N\u00e1vod krok za krokem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ultrazvukov\u00fd anemometr, neboli m\u011b\u0159i\u010d rychlosti v\u011btru, je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace, od meteorologie po modelov\u00e1n\u00ed leteck\u00e9ho proud\u011bn\u00ed. Jeho profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed varianty jsou drah\u00e9, ale s trochou zru\u010dnosti a dostupn\u00fdch komponent si m\u016f\u017eete postavit vlastn\u00ed DIY verzi s vyu\u017eit\u00edm ultrazvukov\u00fdch senzor\u016f. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1m poskytne detailn\u00ed n\u00e1vod, jak na to.<\/p>\n

Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9ho anemometru<\/p>\n

Ultrazvukov\u00fd anemometr m\u011b\u0159\u00ed rychlost v\u011btru na z\u00e1klad\u011b m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed doby letu ultrazvukov\u00fdch pulz\u016f vys\u00edlan\u00fdch mezi dv\u011bma senzory. V\u011btrn\u00fd proud ovliv\u0148uje rychlost \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto pulz\u016f \u2013 proti v\u011btru se pulzy \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed pomaleji a po v\u011btru rychleji. Z rozd\u00edlu dob letu se pak vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 rychlost a sm\u011br v\u011btru. K tomu pot\u0159ebujeme alespo\u0148 dva senzory, ide\u00e1ln\u011b \u010dty\u0159i pro p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ve v\u0161ech sm\u011brech. Pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btru se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kombinace m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi dvojicemi senzor\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdb\u011br komponent<\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161eho DIY ultrazvukov\u00e9ho anemometru jsou ultrazvukov\u00e9 senzory. Na trhu je mnoho dostupn\u00fdch variant, ale je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vybrat senzory s dostate\u010dnou p\u0159esnost\u00ed a stabilitou. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm parametrem je frekvence ultrazvuku a rozsah m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed. Pro tento projekt jsou vhodn\u00e9 senzory s frekvenc\u00ed v rozsahu 40 kHz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parametr<\/th>\nDoporu\u010den\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Typ senzoru<\/td>\nHC-SR04 (levn\u00fd a snadno dostupn\u00fd)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Frekvence<\/td>\n40 kHz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\n5V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dosah<\/td>\n4 m (posta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed pro v\u011bt\u0161inu aplikac\u00ed)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Krom\u011b senzor\u016f budeme pot\u0159ebovat:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Mikrokontrol\u00e9r (nap\u0159. Arduino Uno)<\/li>\n
  • Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj (5V)<\/li>\n
  • Zapojen\u00ed (dr\u00e1ty, spojky)<\/li>\n
  • Software pro programov\u00e1n\u00ed mikrokontrol\u00e9ru (Arduino IDE)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Mont\u00e1\u017e a zapojen\u00ed<\/p>\n

    Senzory je nutn\u00e9 um\u00edstit tak, aby mezi nimi byl dostatek prostoru pro voln\u00fd pr\u016fchod ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln a aby se minimalizoval vliv okoln\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed je um\u00edstit senzory na pevn\u00e9 konstrukci s p\u0159esn\u011b definovanou vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je db\u00e1t na p\u0159esn\u00e9 a stabiln\u00ed upevn\u011bn\u00ed senzor\u016f, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo chyb\u00e1m m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Zapojen\u00ed senzor\u016f do mikrokontrol\u00e9ru je relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9 a obvykle zahrnuje p\u0159ipojen\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed, sign\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdstupu a zemn\u011bn\u00ed. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zapojen\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zvolen\u00e9m mikrokontrol\u00e9ru a typech senzor\u016f. Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sch\u00e9ma zapojen\u00ed je k dispozici v dokumentaci k vybran\u00fdm komponent\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

    Programov\u00e1n\u00ed mikrokontrol\u00e9ru<\/p>\n

    Programov\u00e1n\u00ed mikrokontrol\u00e9ru zahrnuje \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed senzor\u016f, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed doby letu ultrazvukov\u00fdch pulz\u016f a v\u00fdpo\u010det rychlosti a sm\u011bru v\u011btru. Tento proces zahrnuje generov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch pulz\u016f, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed doby jejich letu a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed matematick\u00fdch algoritm\u016f pro v\u00fdpo\u010det vektoru rychlosti v\u011btru. K dispozici jsou online zdroje a knihovny, kter\u00e9 usnad\u0148uj\u00ed tento proces.<\/p>\n

    Kalibrace a testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

    Po sestaven\u00ed a programov\u00e1n\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 prov\u00e9st kalibraci a testov\u00e1n\u00ed anemometru. K tomu lze pou\u017e\u00edt referen\u010dn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed anemometr. Kalibrace zahrnuje \u00fapravu parametr\u016f v programu mikrokontrol\u00e9ru tak, aby se minimalizovala chyba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/p>\n

    Sestaven\u00ed vlastn\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho anemometru je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 uspokojuj\u00edc\u00ed projekt. V\u00fdsledkem je funk\u010dn\u00ed a relativn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj, kter\u00fd lze vyu\u017e\u00edt pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace. Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho postupu a pe\u010dliv\u00e1 kalibrace jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Tento n\u00e1vod poskytuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed r\u00e1mec, ale pro dosa\u017een\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 sezn\u00e1mit se s detaily jednotliv\u00fdch komponent a algoritm\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ultrazvukov\u00fd anemometr, neboli m\u011b\u0159i\u010d rychlosti v\u011btru, je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace, od meteorologie po modelov\u00e1n\u00ed leteck\u00e9ho proud\u011bn\u00ed. Jeho profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed varianty jsou drah\u00e9, ale s trochou zru\u010dnosti a dostupn\u00fdch komponent si m\u016f\u017eete postavit vlastn\u00ed DIY verzi s vyu\u017eit\u00edm ultrazvukov\u00fdch senzor\u016f. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1m poskytne detailn\u00ed n\u00e1vod, jak na to. Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9ho anemometru Ultrazvukov\u00fd anemometr<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26463,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61623"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61623\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}