{"id":61629,"date":"2023-04-21T13:50:48","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T18:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/diy-ultrasonic-transducer\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:04:36","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:04:36","slug":"diy-ultrasonic-transducer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/diy-ultrasonic-transducer\/","title":{"rendered":"DIY ultrazvukov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d: Konstrukce a pou\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed, od l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po pr\u016fmyslovou automatizaci.  V\u00fdroba vlastn\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 i obohacuj\u00edc\u00edm projektem pro nad\u0161ence elektroniky a akustiky.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty DIY konstrukce takov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdb\u011br piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku<\/h3>\n<p>Srdcem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je piezoelektrick\u00fd prvek, kter\u00fd p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed elektrickou energii na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace a naopak.  Pro DIY projekt je nejdostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed volbou keramick\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd disk.  Jeho vlastnosti, jako je rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence a citlivost, jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro funk\u010dnost sn\u00edma\u010de.  V\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 velikosti a tlou\u0161\u0165ky disku je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro dosa\u017een\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 frekvence.  P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 tenk\u00fd disk bude m\u00edt vysokou rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvenci, zat\u00edmco p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 tlust\u00fd disk bude m\u00edt n\u00edzkou frekvenci.  N\u011bkter\u00e9 online obchody nab\u00edzej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br piezoelektrick\u00fdch disk\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi parametry.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Parametr<\/th>\n<th>Hodnota (p\u0159\u00edklady)<\/th>\n<th>Pozn\u00e1mka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Pr\u016fm\u011br disku<\/td>\n<td>20 mm, 30 mm<\/td>\n<td>V z\u00e1vislosti na po\u017eadovan\u00e9 frekvenci a aplikaci<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tlou\u0161\u0165ka disku<\/td>\n<td>1 mm, 2 mm<\/td>\n<td>Vliv na rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvenci<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence<\/td>\n<td>40 kHz, 100 kHz<\/td>\n<td>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd parametr pro v\u00fdb\u011br<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kapacita<\/td>\n<td>100 pF, 500 pF<\/td>\n<td>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro n\u00e1vrh obvod\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Konstrukce pouzdra a uchycen\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd prvek mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vhodn\u011b uchycen a chr\u00e1n\u011bn p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy.  Pro jednoduch\u00fd DIY projekt m\u016f\u017ee sta\u010dit pouzdro z akrylu nebo jin\u00e9ho pevn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.  D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je zajistit dobr\u00e9 akustick\u00e9 spojen\u00ed mezi piezoelektrick\u00fdm prvkem a okoln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm, aby se maximalizovala \u00fa\u010dinnost p\u0159enosu ultrazvuku.  K tomu m\u016f\u017ee poslou\u017eit nap\u0159\u00edklad lepidlo s vysokou akustickou impedanc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Elektronika a nap\u00e1jen\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed a detekci ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu je nutn\u00fd vhodn\u00fd elektronick\u00fd obvod.  Jednoduch\u00fd obvod m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat gener\u00e1tor obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00fdch puls\u016f pro excitaci piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku a opera\u010dn\u00ed zesilova\u010d pro zes\u00edlen\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu.  Pro dosa\u017een\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdkon\u016f a p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontroly lze pou\u017e\u00edt mikro\u0159adi\u010d.  Nap\u00e1jen\u00ed obvodu je obvykle realizov\u00e1no pomoc\u00ed n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9ho zdroje, nap\u0159\u00edklad 5V.<\/p>\n<h3>Kalibrace a testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Po sestaven\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de je nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st jeho kalibraci a testov\u00e1n\u00ed.  To zahrnuje ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence a citlivosti.  Pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence lze pou\u017e\u00edt osciloskop a sign\u00e1lov\u00fd gener\u00e1tor.  Citlivost sn\u00edma\u010de lze testovat m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm amplitudy p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu p\u0159i zn\u00e1m\u00e9m vstupn\u00edm sign\u00e1lu.  V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby je nutn\u00e9 upravit parametry obvodu pro dosa\u017een\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdroba vlastn\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, ale uspokojuj\u00edc\u00ed proces.  Po pe\u010dliv\u00e9m zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed v\u0161ech aspekt\u016f n\u00e1vrhu a konstrukce je mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout funk\u010dn\u00edho sn\u00edma\u010de s p\u0159ijateln\u00fdmi parametry, kter\u00fd je vhodn\u00fd pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace.  Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku a jeho vhodn\u00e9 uchycen\u00ed jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro \u00fasp\u011bch projektu.  D\u016fkladn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed a kalibrace pak zajist\u00ed spolehlivou funk\u010dnost sn\u00edma\u010de.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed, od l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po pr\u016fmyslovou automatizaci. V\u00fdroba vlastn\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 i obohacuj\u00edc\u00edm projektem pro nad\u0161ence elektroniky a akustiky. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty DIY konstrukce takov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de. V\u00fdb\u011br piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku Srdcem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je piezoelektrick\u00fd prvek, kter\u00fd p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19408,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61629","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61629"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61629\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61629"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}