{"id":61693,"date":"2023-04-21T13:54:54","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T18:54:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/diy-ultrasound-probe\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:04:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:04:43","slug":"diy-ultrasound-probe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/diy-ultrasound-probe\/","title":{"rendered":"DIY ultrazvukov\u00e1 sonda: Dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba a rizika"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed hlubok\u00e9 znalosti elektroniky, akustiky a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu.  Nen\u00ed to projekt pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky, a i zku\u0161en\u00ed elektronikov\u00e9 by se m\u011bli p\u0159ipravit na zna\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty takov\u00e9ho projektu, od teorie a\u017e po praktick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<h3>Teoretick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady ultrazvukov\u00e9ho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed se op\u00edr\u00e1 o princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho jevu.  Piezoelektrick\u00e9 krystaly, p\u0159i vystaven\u00ed elektrick\u00e9mu poli, m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u016fj tvar a generuj\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny.  Naopak, p\u0159ijat\u00e9 ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed deformaci krystalu a generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l.  Tento sign\u00e1l je n\u00e1sledn\u011b zpracov\u00e1n a p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn na obraz. Kvalita obrazu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mnoha faktorech, v\u010detn\u011b frekvence ultrazvuku, tvaru a velikosti sn\u00edma\u010de, pou\u017eit\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu.  Frekvence ultrazvuku ur\u010duje hloubku pr\u016fniku a rozli\u0161en\u00ed obrazu.  Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvence znamenaj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed, ale men\u0161\u00ed hloubku pr\u016fniku.<\/p>\n<h3>Konstrukce ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de: Materi\u00e1ly a technologie<\/h3>\n<p>Konstrukce DIY ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de zahrnuje v\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00fdch piezoelektrick\u00fdch krystal\u016f, jejich uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed do aktivn\u00edho prvku (array) a integraci s elektronick\u00fdm obvodem.  K dispozici je \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO3) nebo titan\u00e1t zirkoni\u010ditan olova (PZT).  V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00fdch parametrech sn\u00edma\u010de, jako je frekvence, citlivost a odolnost.  D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 konstrukce samotn\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de, kter\u00e1 ovliv\u0148uje sm\u011brovost a tvar ultrazvukov\u00e9ho paprsku.  Precizn\u00ed v\u00fdroba a mont\u00e1\u017e jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed optimalizovan\u00fdch parametr\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Elektronika a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n<p>Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu z piezoelektrick\u00fdch krystal\u016f vy\u017eaduje vysoce citliv\u00e9 zesilova\u010de a analogov\u011b-digit\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edky (ADC).  Z\u00edskan\u00fd digit\u00e1ln\u00ed sign\u00e1l je d\u00e1le zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed specifick\u00fdch algoritm\u016f, kter\u00e9 rekonstruuj\u00ed obraz.  Tato \u010d\u00e1st projektu je velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a vy\u017eaduje hlubok\u00e9 znalosti v oblasti digit\u00e1ln\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu.  Pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 elektronika m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat i FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) pro efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase.<\/p>\n<h3>Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/h3>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>Frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah (MHz)<\/th>\n<th>Citlivost<\/th>\n<th>Cena<\/th>\n<th>Dostupnost<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO3)<\/td>\n<td>1-10<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Titan\u00e1t zirkoni\u010ditan olova (PZT)<\/td>\n<td>1-50+<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed &#8211; Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Praktick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a omezen\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00fdroba DIY ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de srovnateln\u00e9ho s profesion\u00e1ln\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi je extr\u00e9mn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1.  Hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je dosa\u017een\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 kvality obrazu a p\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.  Omezen\u00ed souvisej\u00ed s preciznost\u00ed v\u00fdroby, kvalitou pou\u017eit\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a slo\u017eitost\u00ed elektronick\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu.  D\u00e1le je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t v potaz bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed aspekty spojen\u00e9 s vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdmi obvody a ultrazvukem.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem je pot\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee v\u00fdroba vlastn\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd projekt, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti a znalosti v oblastech elektroniky, akustiky a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu. I p\u0159es dostupnost mnoha materi\u00e1l\u016f a informac\u00ed je dosa\u017een\u00ed srovnateln\u00e9 kvality s komer\u010dn\u011b dostupn\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9.  Projekt je sp\u00ed\u0161e vhodn\u00fd pro pokro\u010dil\u00e9 amat\u00e9ry s hlubok\u00fdmi znalostmi v dan\u00fdch oblastech.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed hlubok\u00e9 znalosti elektroniky, akustiky a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu. Nen\u00ed to projekt pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky, a i zku\u0161en\u00ed elektronikov\u00e9 by se m\u011bli p\u0159ipravit na zna\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty takov\u00e9ho projektu, od teorie a\u017e po praktick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Teoretick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady ultrazvukov\u00e9ho zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed Ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed se op\u00edr\u00e1 o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":42275,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61693","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61693"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61693\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61693"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61693"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61693"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}