{"id":61768,"date":"2023-04-21T13:49:53","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T18:49:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/diy-ultrasonic-sound-generator\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:04:35","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:04:35","slug":"diy-ultrasonic-sound-generator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/diy-ultrasonic-sound-generator\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrazvukov\u00fd gener\u00e1tor: DIY n\u00e1vod krok za krokem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ultrazvukov\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory si v posledn\u00edch letech z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed na popularit\u011b d\u00edky sv\u00e9 v\u0161estrannosti a relativn\u00ed snadn\u00e9 konstrukci. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na to, jak si m\u016f\u017eete postavit vlastn\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fd gener\u00e1tor doma, s d\u016frazem na dostupn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky a srozumiteln\u00fd postup. Postup je ur\u010den sp\u00ed\u0161e pro pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed kutily, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed znalosti elektroniky.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy ultrazvukov\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru<\/h3>\n

Ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny jsou zvukov\u00e9 vlny s frekvenc\u00ed nad 20 kHz, tedy nad hranic\u00ed sly\u0161itelnosti lidsk\u00e9ho ucha. Gener\u00e1tor ultrazvuku obvykle vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00fd element, kter\u00fd se p\u0159i p\u0159iveden\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed deformuje a generuje mechanick\u00e9 vibrace. Frekvence t\u011bchto vibrac\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na vlastnostech piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku a na parametrech \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho obvodu. Kvalitn\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fd gener\u00e1tor vy\u017eaduje p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed frekvence a amplitudy v\u00fdstupn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu pro dosa\u017een\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 intenzity a \u010distoty ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.<\/p>\n

Pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky<\/h3>\n

Pro konstrukci jednoduch\u00e9ho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru budete pot\u0159ebovat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Sou\u010d\u00e1stka<\/th>\nPopis<\/th>\nObjednac\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo (p\u0159\u00edklad)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00fd element<\/td>\nGeneruje ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny<\/td>\nPZ-28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mikro\u0159adi\u010d (nap\u0159. Arduino)<\/td>\n\u0158\u00edd\u00ed frekvenci a amplitudu sign\u00e1lu<\/td>\nArduino Uno<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tranzistor (nap\u0159. MOSFET)<\/td>\nZesiluje sign\u00e1l pro piezoelement<\/td>\nIRF540N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rezistory<\/td>\nNastaven\u00ed proudu a nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\nR1 = 10k\u03a9, R2 = 220\u03a9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kondenz\u00e1tory<\/td>\nFiltrace a stabilizace nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\nC1 = 10\u00b5F, C2 = 100nF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj<\/td>\nNap\u00e1jen\u00ed cel\u00e9ho obvodu<\/td>\n5V, 1A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spojovac\u00ed dr\u00e1tky<\/td>\nPropojen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Deska plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f<\/td>\nPro usnadn\u011bn\u00ed mont\u00e1\u017ee<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Sch\u00e9ma zapojen\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Pro jednoduch\u00fd gener\u00e1tor posta\u010d\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed. Mikro\u0159adi\u010d generuje sign\u00e1l s po\u017eadovanou frekvenc\u00ed, kter\u00fd je zes\u00edlen tranzistorem a n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159iveden na piezoelektrick\u00fd element. Rezistory a kondenz\u00e1tory slou\u017e\u00ed k nastaven\u00ed a stabilizaci parametr\u016f obvodu. P\u0159esn\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma zapojen\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zvolen\u00e9m mikro\u0159adi\u010di a piezoelektrick\u00e9m elementu. Doporu\u010duje se vyhledat sch\u00e9ma zapojen\u00ed pro specifick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 budete pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n

Programov\u00e1n\u00ed mikro\u0159adi\u010de<\/h3>\n

Programov\u00e1n\u00ed mikro\u0159adi\u010de se prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed programovac\u00edho jazyka p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho mikro\u0159adi\u010de (nap\u0159. Arduino IDE pro Arduino Uno). Program by m\u011bl generovat sign\u00e1l s p\u0159esn\u011b definovanou frekvenc\u00ed a amplitudou. Frekvenci je mo\u017en\u00e9 nastavit v programu a m\u011bnit dle pot\u0159eby. Pro pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed gener\u00e1tory je mo\u017en\u00e9 implementovat funkce pro regulaci amplitudy, generov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch vlnov\u00fdch tvar\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/h3>\n

P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s elektronikou je nutn\u00e9 db\u00e1t na bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 pom\u016fcky a ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee m\u00e1te dostate\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti elektroniky. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a proudy mohou b\u00fdt nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 postupovat opatrn\u011b. Intenzivn\u00ed ultrazvuk m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00fd pro sluch, proto je doporu\u010deno gener\u00e1tor pou\u017e\u00edvat v odhlu\u010dn\u011bn\u00e9m prostoru.<\/p>\n

Ultrazvukov\u00fd gener\u00e1tor je pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fd projekt, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed znalosti elektroniky a programov\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159esto s trochou trp\u011blivosti a pe\u010dlivosti je mo\u017en\u00e9 si jej postavit doma. V\u00fdsledkem je funk\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit k r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, od odpuzov\u00e1n\u00ed hmyzu a\u017e po experimenty s ultrazvukem. Kvalita vyroben\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bude z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na preciznosti proveden\u00ed a kvalit\u011b pou\u017eit\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ultrazvukov\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory si v posledn\u00edch letech z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed na popularit\u011b d\u00edky sv\u00e9 v\u0161estrannosti a relativn\u00ed snadn\u00e9 konstrukci. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na to, jak si m\u016f\u017eete postavit vlastn\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fd gener\u00e1tor doma, s d\u016frazem na dostupn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky a srozumiteln\u00fd postup. Postup je ur\u010den sp\u00ed\u0161e pro pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed kutily, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed znalosti elektroniky. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy ultrazvukov\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru Ultrazvukov\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19239,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61768","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61768","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61768"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61768\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61768"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61768"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61768"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}