{"id":61886,"date":"2023-04-21T13:19:26","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T18:19:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/diy-sonar-transducer\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:03:51","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:03:51","slug":"diy-sonar-transducer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/diy-sonar-transducer\/","title":{"rendered":"DIY Sonarov\u00fd Senzor: V\u00fdroba a Nastaven\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>DIY Sonar Transducer: Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho sonaru<\/p>\n<p>Sonar, zkratka pro Sound Navigation and Ranging, je technologie vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 k detekci a lokalizaci objekt\u016f pod vodou pomoc\u00ed zvukov\u00fdch vln.  Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho sonaru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm projektem pro nad\u0161ence elektroniky a akustiky.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek podrobn\u011b popisuje proces konstrukce jednoduch\u00e9ho sonarov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de (transduceru) pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdb\u011br piezoelektrick\u00fdch element\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm stavebn\u00edm kamenem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho sonarov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je piezoelektrick\u00fd element.  Tyto materi\u00e1ly, p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9 deformaci, generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, a naopak, p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u016fj tvar. Pro sonarov\u00e9 aplikace se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed keramick\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 prvky.  V\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho elementu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00e9 frekvenci a v\u00fdkonu sonaru.  N\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e1 tabulka srovn\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 mo\u017enosti:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Frekvence (kHz)<\/th>\n<th>Pr\u016fm\u011br (mm)<\/th>\n<th>Tlou\u0161\u0165ka (mm)<\/th>\n<th>Citlivost (mV\/kPa)<\/th>\n<th>Pozn\u00e1mka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>Dobr\u00e1 volba pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>0.5<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvence, men\u0161\u00ed rozm\u011bry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>0.2<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>Velmi vysok\u00e1 frekvence, detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obraz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee parametry se mohou li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm v\u00fdrobci.  V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby lze zv\u00e1\u017eit pou\u017eit\u00ed prvk\u016f od firmy Beijing Ultrasonic, kter\u00e1 nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu piezoelektrick\u00fdch element\u016f pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace.<\/p>\n<h3>Konstrukce pouzdra<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd element mus\u00ed b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bn p\u0159ed vodou a mechanick\u00fdm po\u0161kozen\u00edm. Pouzdro by m\u011blo b\u00fdt vodot\u011bsn\u00e9 a z materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd dob\u0159e p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zvukov\u00e9 vlny (nap\u0159. nerezov\u00e1 ocel, hlin\u00edk).  Konstrukce pouzdra z\u00e1vis\u00ed na velikosti piezoelektrick\u00e9ho elementu a po\u017eadavc\u00edch na vodot\u011bsnost.  Je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt vhodn\u00e1 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed a lepidla odoln\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di vod\u011b a vibrac\u00edm.<\/p>\n<h3>Elektronika pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n<p>Sonarov\u00fd syst\u00e9m vy\u017eaduje elektroniku pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed a zesilov\u00e1n\u00ed vys\u00edlan\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu,  detekci a zesilov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu a jeho n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.  Jednoduch\u00fd syst\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat mikrokontrol\u00e9r pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed vys\u00edlan\u00fdch puls\u016f,  zesilova\u010de pro zesilov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu a analogov\u011b-digit\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edk pro p\u0159evod analogov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed data.  Pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat a zobrazen\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt po\u010d\u00edta\u010d s vhodn\u00fdm softwarem.<\/p>\n<h3>Kalibrace a testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Po sestaven\u00ed cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st kalibraci a testov\u00e1n\u00ed.  Kalibrace se zam\u011b\u0159uje na optimalizaci parametr\u016f syst\u00e9mu, jako je nap\u011bt\u00ed vys\u00edlac\u00edho sign\u00e1lu,  zes\u00edlen\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu a nastaven\u00ed filtr\u016f.  Testov\u00e1n\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed ve vodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed za pou\u017eit\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fdch objekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed k ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed funk\u010dnosti syst\u00e9mu a p\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n<p>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho sonarov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, ale uspokojuj\u00edc\u00ed projekt.  Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br piezoelektrick\u00fdch element\u016f,  pe\u010dliv\u00e1 konstrukce pouzdra a implementace vhodn\u00e9 elektroniky jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou konstrukci.  S trochou trp\u011blivosti a technick\u00fdch znalost\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it funk\u010dn\u00ed sonarov\u00fd syst\u00e9m pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace, od m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hloubky vody po detekci podvodn\u00edch objekt\u016f.  Pamatujte, \u017ee bezpe\u010dnost by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u017edy na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b a p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s elektronikou a vodou je pot\u0159eba dodr\u017eovat p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DIY Sonar Transducer: Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho sonaru Sonar, zkratka pro Sound Navigation and Ranging, je technologie vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 k detekci a lokalizaci objekt\u016f pod vodou pomoc\u00ed zvukov\u00fdch vln. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho sonaru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm projektem pro nad\u0161ence elektroniky a akustiky. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek podrobn\u011b popisuje proces konstrukce jednoduch\u00e9ho sonarov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de (transduceru) pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed. V\u00fdb\u011br piezoelektrick\u00fdch element\u016f Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26939,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61886","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61886"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61886\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26939"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}