{"id":61936,"date":"2023-04-21T13:15:12","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T18:15:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/diy-pressure-transducer\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:03:46","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:03:46","slug":"diy-pressure-transducer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/diy-pressure-transducer\/","title":{"rendered":"DIY Tlakov\u00fd Senzor: N\u00e1vod a Konstrukce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba tlakov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, ale uskute\u010dniteln\u00fd projekt pro nad\u0161ence do elektroniky a mechaniky.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek podrobn\u011b popisuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy k jeho konstrukci, od jednoduch\u00fdch po komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je pochopit, \u017ee p\u0159esnost a spolehlivost takov\u00e9ho DIY sn\u00edma\u010de se bude li\u0161it od profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch komer\u010dn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed tlakov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm principem v\u011bt\u0161iny tlakov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f je p\u0159em\u011bna mechanick\u00e9ho tlaku na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l.  Existuje n\u011bkolik metod, jak toho dos\u00e1hnout. Jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch je vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezoresistivn\u00edho efektu, kdy se odpor materi\u00e1lu m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edm tlaku.  Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je kapacity, kde se m\u011bn\u00ed kapacita kondenz\u00e1toru vlivem deformace membr\u00e1ny.  Pro velmi p\u0159esn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tenzometry, kter\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed deformaci materi\u00e1lu v d\u016fsledku tlaku.  V\u00fdb\u011br metody z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti, rozsahu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a dostupn\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<h3>Materi\u00e1ly a sou\u010d\u00e1stky<\/h3>\n<p>Pro konstrukci jednoduch\u00e9ho tlakov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de budete pot\u0159ebovat:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tlakovou membr\u00e1nu:<\/strong>  M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt tenk\u00e1 f\u00f3lie z kovu (nap\u0159. m\u011bdi), plastu nebo silikonu.  Jej\u00ed volba z\u00e1vis\u00ed na rozsahu m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho tlaku a po\u017eadovan\u00e9 citlivosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Piezoresistivn\u00ed senzor:<\/strong>  Nebo jin\u00fd typ senzoru, jako je kapacitn\u00ed senzor,  v z\u00e1vislosti na zvolen\u00e9 metod\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zesilova\u010d sign\u00e1lu:<\/strong>  Pro zes\u00edlen\u00ed slab\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu ze senzoru.  Opera\u010dn\u00ed zesilova\u010de (op-amp) jsou b\u011b\u017enou volbou.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analogov\u011b-digit\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edk (ADC):<\/strong>  Pro konverzi analogov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu ze zesilova\u010de na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnotu \u010ditelnou mikroprocesorem nebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mikroprocesor (voliteln\u00e9):<\/strong>  Pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat a zobrazen\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obvodov\u00e1 deska:<\/strong>  Pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stek.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vhodn\u00e9 spojovac\u00ed materi\u00e1ly:<\/strong>  Pro sestaven\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Konstruk\u010dn\u00ed postup \u2013 Piezoresistivn\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010d<\/h3>\n<p>Jeden z nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f je pou\u017eit\u00ed piezoresistivn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu, nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u0159em\u00edku.  Tlakov\u00e1 membr\u00e1na je s n\u00edm spojena tak, aby deformace membr\u00e1ny zm\u011bnila odpor piezoresistivn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Krok<\/th>\n<th>Popis<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>P\u0159ipravte tlakovou membr\u00e1nu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>P\u0159ipojte piezoresistivn\u00ed senzor k membr\u00e1n\u011b.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>Sestavte obvod s opera\u010dn\u00edm zesilova\u010dem pro zes\u00edlen\u00ed sign\u00e1lu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>P\u0159ipojte ADC pro konverzi analogov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>Naprogramujte mikroprocesor pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Konstruk\u010dn\u00ed postup \u2013 Kapacitn\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010d<\/h3>\n<p>Kapacitn\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010d je alternativou k piezoresistivn\u00edmu typu. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se m\u011bn\u00ed kapacita kondenz\u00e1toru v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi dv\u011bma vodiv\u00fdmi plochami, z nich\u017e jedna tvo\u0159\u00ed tlakovou membr\u00e1nu.  Pro p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zajistit dobrou izolaci mezi t\u011bmito plochami.<\/p>\n<h3>Kalibrace a testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Po sestaven\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e1 kalibrace sn\u00edma\u010de.  To zahrnuje m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch tlac\u00edch.  V\u00fdsledky se pak pou\u017eij\u00ed ke kalibra\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159ivce, kter\u00e1 umo\u017en\u00ed p\u0159evod nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch hodnot na skute\u010dn\u00fd tlak.  D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je opakovatelnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a eliminace vliv\u016f okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Omezen\u00ed DIY tlakov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Je nutn\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba tlakov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de m\u00e1 sv\u00e1 omezen\u00ed.  P\u0159esnost a dlouhodob\u00e1 stabilita se mohou li\u0161it od profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.  Vliv okoln\u00ed teploty, vlhkosti a dal\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.  Je proto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b zvolit materi\u00e1ly a pe\u010dliv\u011b prov\u00e9st kalibraci.<\/p>\n<p>Dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba tlakov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de p\u0159edstavuje zaj\u00edmav\u00fd projekt pro kutily, ale vy\u017eaduje znalosti elektroniky a mechaniky.  P\u0159esnost v\u00fdsledk\u016f z\u00e1vis\u00ed na pe\u010dlivosti proveden\u00ed a volb\u011b vhodn\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek.  V\u017edy je nutn\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit po\u017eadavky na p\u0159esnost a spolehlivost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm projektu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba tlakov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, ale uskute\u010dniteln\u00fd projekt pro nad\u0161ence do elektroniky a mechaniky. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek podrobn\u011b popisuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy k jeho konstrukci, od jednoduch\u00fdch po komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je pochopit, \u017ee p\u0159esnost a spolehlivost takov\u00e9ho DIY sn\u00edma\u010de se bude li\u0161it od profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch komer\u010dn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed tlakov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm principem v\u011bt\u0161iny tlakov\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26937,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61936"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61936\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61936"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61936"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}