{"id":61971,"date":"2023-04-21T13:12:01","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T18:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/diy-piezo-transducer\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:03:40","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:03:40","slug":"diy-piezo-transducer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/diy-piezo-transducer\/","title":{"rendered":"DIY Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d: N\u00e1vod krok za krokem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d si m\u016f\u017eete vyrobit doma, a to i s pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na praktick\u00e9 aspekty konstrukce takov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de, od v\u00fdb\u011bru materi\u00e1l\u016f po jeho otestov\u00e1n\u00ed. Z\u00edsk\u00e1te tak z\u00e1kladn\u00ed znalosti pro tvorbu vlastn\u00edho piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku a porozum\u00edte princip\u016fm jeho funkce.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdb\u011br piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n

Z\u00e1kladem DIY piezo sn\u00edma\u010de je piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed volbou je piezoelektrick\u00e1 keramika, dostupn\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvarech a velikostech. K dispozici jsou i tenk\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 f\u00f3lie, kter\u00e9 se snadn\u011bji zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed. V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu ovliv\u0148uje citlivost a frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah sn\u00edma\u010de. Kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly obvykle nab\u00edzej\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed parametry, ale jsou i dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed experimenty v\u0161ak posta\u010d\u00ed i levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed varianta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\nCitlivost<\/th>\nFrekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah<\/th>\nCena<\/th>\nSnadn\u00e1 manipulace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00e1 keramika<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\n\u0160irok\u00fd<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00e1 f\u00f3lie<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nU\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u0159emen<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\nVelmi \u0161irok\u00fd<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nVelmi n\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

P\u0159\u00edprava elektrod<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l je nutn\u00e9 opat\u0159it elektrodami pro sb\u011br generovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje. K tomu lze pou\u017e\u00edt vodivou pastu, st\u0159\u00edbrnou barvu nebo tenk\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie. Elektrody by m\u011bly b\u00fdt co nejten\u010d\u00ed a co nejl\u00e9pe p\u0159ilnout k povrchu piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Kvalita spojen\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje \u00fa\u010dinnost sn\u00edma\u010de. Nedostate\u010dn\u00fd kontakt m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k \u00faniku n\u00e1boje a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed citlivosti.<\/p>\n

Konstrukce sn\u00edma\u010de<\/h3>\n

Konstrukce sn\u00edma\u010de z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed. Pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku se pou\u017eije ploch\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd disk, zat\u00edmco pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vibrac\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edt tenk\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 f\u00f3lie nalepen\u00e1 na vibruj\u00edc\u00ed objekt. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zajistit mechanickou stabilitu konstrukce a minimalizovat parazitn\u00ed vibrace. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u017e\u00e1k nebo pouzdro pro ochranu sn\u00edma\u010de.<\/p>\n

Zapojen\u00ed a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/h3>\n

V\u00fdstupn\u00ed sign\u00e1l piezoelektrick\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je obvykle ve form\u011b velmi slab\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje. Pro jeho zes\u00edlen\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt opera\u010dn\u00ed zesilova\u010d s vysokou vstupn\u00ed impedanc\u00ed. Sign\u00e1l lze pot\u00e9 zpracovat pomoc\u00ed analogov\u011b-digit\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159evodn\u00edku a zobrazit na displeji. Pro kalibraci sn\u00edma\u010de je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt kalibra\u010dn\u00ed zdroj (nap\u0159. kalibra\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1hu pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku).<\/p>\n

Testov\u00e1n\u00ed a kalibrace<\/h3>\n

Po dokon\u010den\u00ed konstrukce je nutn\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010d otestovat a zkalibrovat. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011blo zahrnovat m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed citlivosti, frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezvy a linearity. Kalibrace spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v ur\u010den\u00ed vztahu mezi m\u011b\u0159enou veli\u010dinou a v\u00fdstupn\u00edm sign\u00e1lem sn\u00edma\u010de. Tento vztah se obvykle vyjad\u0159uje kalibra\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159ivkou. Pro p\u0159esn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 kalibrace.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v\u00fdroba DIY piezoelektrick\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de je sice n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na zru\u010dnost a preciznost, ale s trochou trp\u011blivosti a vhodn\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly je to zcela dosa\u017eiteln\u00e9. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit pro nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aplikace, od m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku a vibrac\u00ed a\u017e po detekci zvuku. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je spr\u00e1vn\u011b zvolit materi\u00e1l a pe\u010dliv\u011b prov\u00e9st konstrukci a kalibraci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d si m\u016f\u017eete vyrobit doma, a to i s pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na praktick\u00e9 aspekty konstrukce takov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de, od v\u00fdb\u011bru materi\u00e1l\u016f po jeho otestov\u00e1n\u00ed. Z\u00edsk\u00e1te tak z\u00e1kladn\u00ed znalosti pro tvorbu vlastn\u00edho piezoelektrick\u00e9ho prvku a porozum\u00edte princip\u016fm jeho funkce. V\u00fdb\u011br piezoelektrick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu Z\u00e1kladem DIY piezo sn\u00edma\u010de je piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed volbou<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19413,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61971"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61971\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}