{"id":62121,"date":"2023-04-21T12:57:56","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T17:57:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/diy-hydrophone-piezo\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:03:22","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:03:22","slug":"diy-hydrophone-piezo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/diy-hydrophone-piezo\/","title":{"rendered":"DIY hydrofon s piezoelektrick\u00fdm sn\u00edma\u010dem: n\u00e1vod"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vytvo\u0159it si vlastn\u00ed hydrofon s piezoelektrick\u00fdm sn\u00edma\u010dem je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed projekt, kter\u00fd kombinuje elektroniku, akustiku a trochu manu\u00e1ln\u00ed zru\u010dnosti.  Tento n\u00e1vod v\u00e1m krok za krokem uk\u00e1\u017ee, jak na to.  Zvl\u00e1dne to i za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk s trochou trp\u011blivosti a z\u00e1kladn\u00edch znalost\u00ed elektroniky. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd hydrofon sice nebude m\u00edt kvalitu profesion\u00e1ln\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale umo\u017en\u00ed v\u00e1m objevovat podvodn\u00ed zvuky a  pochopit principy fungov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrofon\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdb\u011br piezoelektrick\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de<\/h3>\n<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed va\u0161eho DIY hydrofonu je piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d.  Tyto sn\u00edma\u010de p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 vibrace (v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zvukov\u00e9 vlny ve vod\u011b) na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l.  Na trhu existuje \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la piezo sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi charakteristikami.  Pro tento projekt jsou vhodn\u00e9 mal\u00e9, tenk\u00e9 a citliv\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de.  D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je zkontrolovat jejich frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezvu \u2013  optim\u00e1ln\u00ed rozsah je z\u00e1visl\u00fd na druhu zvuk\u016f, kter\u00e9 chcete zaznamen\u00e1vat.  P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e1 frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezva m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k potla\u010den\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch zvuk\u016f.  Naopak p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezva m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobovat zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd \u0161um.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ sn\u00edma\u010de<\/th>\n<th>Frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezva (kHz)<\/th>\n<th>Citlivost (mV\/Pa)<\/th>\n<th>Cena (orienta\u010dn\u00ed)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezo disk 20mm<\/td>\n<td>1-10<\/td>\n<td>10-20<\/td>\n<td>50-150 K\u010d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezo disk 10mm<\/td>\n<td>5-20<\/td>\n<td>5-15<\/td>\n<td>30-80 K\u010d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piezo sn\u00edma\u010d s p\u0159edzesilova\u010dem<\/td>\n<td>1-20<\/td>\n<td>20-50<\/td>\n<td>150-300 K\u010d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Konstrukce vodot\u011bsn\u00e9ho pouzdra<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d mus\u00ed b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bn p\u0159ed vodou. K tomu budete pot\u0159ebovat vodot\u011bsn\u00e9 pouzdro.  Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed materi\u00e1l je pevn\u00fd plast,  nap\u0159. PVC trubka nebo krabi\u010dka.  Sn\u00edma\u010d mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pevn\u011b uchycen uvnit\u0159 pouzdra, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo vibrac\u00edm a \u0161umu.  D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je tak\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00fd ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed, abyste zabr\u00e1nili pronik\u00e1n\u00ed vody.  K tomu m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt silikonov\u00e9 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed nebo jin\u00e9 vhodn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly.  V pouzd\u0159e je tak\u00e9 nutn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it otvor pro kabel\u00e1\u017e.<\/p>\n<h3>Zapojen\u00ed a elektronika<\/h3>\n<p>Sign\u00e1l z piezo sn\u00edma\u010de je velmi slab\u00fd a je nutn\u00e9 ho zes\u00edlit. K tomu m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt opera\u010dn\u00ed zesilova\u010d (op-amp). Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zapojen\u00ed zahrnuje piezo sn\u00edma\u010d p\u0159ipojen\u00fd k invertuj\u00edc\u00edmu vstupu op-ampu, neinvertuj\u00edc\u00ed vstup je p\u0159ipojen k zemi a v\u00fdstup op-ampu vede do zvukov\u00e9ho vstupu va\u0161eho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de nebo z\u00e1znamov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.  Pro nap\u00e1jen\u00ed op-ampu budete pot\u0159ebovat zdroj nap\u011bt\u00ed, typicky 5V.  Zvolte op-amp s n\u00edzk\u00fdm \u0161umem pro nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky.  Pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159edp\u0159ipraven\u00e9 moduly s op-ampem.<\/p>\n<h3>Kalibrace a testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Po sestaven\u00ed hydrofonu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ho otestovat. Zkuste zaznamen\u00e1vat r\u016fzn\u00e9 zvuky pod vodou.  Kvalita z\u00e1znamu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mnoha faktorech, v\u010detn\u011b um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de,  kvality pouzdra a nastaven\u00ed zesilova\u010de.  Mo\u017en\u00e1 bude pot\u0159eba experimentovat s um\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm sn\u00edma\u010de a nastaven\u00edm zes\u00edlen\u00ed, abyste dos\u00e1hli optim\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho DIY hydrofonu je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 velmi obohacuj\u00edc\u00ed projekt.  Umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00e1m pochopit principy fungov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrofon\u016f a experimentovat s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi nastaven\u00edmi a konstrukcemi.  V\u00fdsledek se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na pou\u017eit\u00fdch komponentech a dovednostech konstrukt\u00e9ra, ale i jednoduch\u00fd hydrofon v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitky z podvodn\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vytvo\u0159it si vlastn\u00ed hydrofon s piezoelektrick\u00fdm sn\u00edma\u010dem je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed projekt, kter\u00fd kombinuje elektroniku, akustiku a trochu manu\u00e1ln\u00ed zru\u010dnosti. Tento n\u00e1vod v\u00e1m krok za krokem uk\u00e1\u017ee, jak na to. Zvl\u00e1dne to i za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk s trochou trp\u011blivosti a z\u00e1kladn\u00edch znalost\u00ed elektroniky. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd hydrofon sice nebude m\u00edt kvalitu profesion\u00e1ln\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale umo\u017en\u00ed v\u00e1m objevovat podvodn\u00ed zvuky a pochopit<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26481,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62121"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62121\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}