{"id":62586,"date":"2023-04-21T12:15:58","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T17:15:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/can-i-make-my-own-biodiesel\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:01:53","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:01:53","slug":"can-i-make-my-own-biodiesel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/can-i-make-my-own-biodiesel\/","title":{"rendered":"Dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba biodiesely: n\u00e1vod a rizika"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdroba vlastn\u00ed biodiesely je v posledn\u00edch letech st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a to zejm\u00e9na z d\u016fvodu rostouc\u00edch cen nafty a z\u00e1jmu o ekologicky \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed paliva. Mnoho lid\u00ed se proto pt\u00e1, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 si biopalivo vyrobit doma. Odpov\u011b\u010f zn\u00ed: ano, je to mo\u017en\u00e9, ale vy\u017eaduje to pe\u010dlivou p\u0159\u00edpravu, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a znalost procesu transesterifikace. Nen\u00ed to jednoduch\u00fd \u00fakol, a proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si p\u0159ed zapo\u010det\u00edm v\u00fdroby d\u016fkladn\u011b nastudovat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace.<\/p>\n

Pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 suroviny a vybaven\u00ed<\/p>\n

K v\u00fdrob\u011b biodiesely budete pot\u0159ebovat rostlinn\u00fd olej (nej\u010dast\u011bji se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u0159epkov\u00fd, slune\u010dnicov\u00fd nebo s\u00f3jov\u00fd), methanol (chemicky \u010dist\u00fd, technick\u00fd methanol je nevhodn\u00fd), hydroxid sodn\u00fd (louh sodn\u00fd) a destilovanou vodu. D\u00e1le budete pot\u0159ebovat n\u00e1doby z nerezov\u00e9 oceli nebo skla, m\u00edchadlo (ide\u00e1ln\u011b s regulac\u00ed ot\u00e1\u010dek), teplom\u011br, odm\u011brky a ochrann\u00e9 pom\u016fcky (rukavice, br\u00fdle, respir\u00e1tor). Mno\u017estv\u00ed surovin se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdm receptem, kter\u00fd z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zvolen\u00e9m druhu oleje a po\u017eadovan\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed biodiesely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Surovina<\/th>\nMno\u017estv\u00ed (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9)<\/th>\nPozn\u00e1mka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Rostlinn\u00fd olej<\/td>\n10 litr\u016f<\/td>\nDruh oleje ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu biodiesely<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Methanol<\/td>\n1 litr<\/td>\nPouze chemicky \u010dist\u00fd!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hydroxid sodn\u00fd<\/td>\n100 – 150 gram\u016f<\/td>\nP\u0159esn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na obsahu mastn\u00fdch kyselin v oleji<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Destilovan\u00e1 voda<\/td>\n500 ml<\/td>\nPro p\u0159\u00edpravu louhov\u00e9ho roztoku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Proces transesterifikace<\/p>\n

Transesterifikace je chemick\u00e1 reakce, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se triglyceridy v rostlinn\u00e9m oleji p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed na methylestery mastn\u00fdch kyselin (biodiesel) a glycerin. Tento proces prob\u00edh\u00e1 za kontrolovan\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, a to za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti katalyz\u00e1toru (hydroxid sodn\u00fd rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd ve vod\u011b). Nejprve se p\u0159iprav\u00ed roztok hydroxidu sodn\u00e9ho v destilovan\u00e9 vod\u011b, pot\u00e9 se p\u0159id\u00e1 k rostlinn\u00e9mu oleji a d\u016fkladn\u011b se prom\u00edch\u00e1. N\u00e1sledn\u011b se p\u0159id\u00e1 methanol a sm\u011bs se kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b m\u00edch\u00e1 po dobu n\u011bkolika hodin p\u0159i teplot\u011b kolem 50-60 \u00b0C. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat p\u0159esn\u00fd postup a pom\u011bry surovin, aby se dos\u00e1hlo co nejlep\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdt\u011b\u017eku a kvality biodiesely.<\/p>\n

\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a separace<\/p>\n

Po dokon\u010den\u00ed transesterifikace je nutn\u00e9 odd\u011blit biodiesel od glycerinu. Glycerin se usad\u00ed na dn\u011b n\u00e1doby a biodiesel plave naho\u0159e. Odd\u011blen\u00ed se provede bu\u010f decantac\u00ed (opatrn\u00fdm odlit\u00edm biodiesely) nebo pomoc\u00ed separ\u00e1toru. N\u00e1sledn\u011b je nutn\u00e9 biodiesel je\u0161t\u011b propl\u00e1chnout vodou, aby se odstranily zbytky glycerinu a methanolu. Kvalita biodiesely se d\u00e1 ov\u011b\u0159it pomoc\u00ed test\u016f, kter\u00e9 ur\u010d\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad obsah vody, voln\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin a methanolu.<\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/p>\n

V\u00fdroba biodiesely zahrnuje pr\u00e1ci s nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi chemik\u00e1liemi, proto je nezbytn\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Methanol je toxick\u00fd a ho\u0159lav\u00fd, hydroxid sodn\u00fd je \u017e\u00edrav\u00fd. Pr\u00e1ce by se m\u011bla prov\u00e1d\u011bt v dob\u0159e v\u011btran\u00e9m prostoru, s pou\u017eit\u00edm ochrann\u00fdch rukavic, br\u00fdl\u00ed a respir\u00e1toru. Je nutn\u00e9 se vyvarovat kontaktu s k\u016f\u017e\u00ed a o\u010dima. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zasa\u017een\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00e9 m\u00edsto ihned propl\u00e1chnout velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm vody a vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/p>\n

V\u00fdroba vlastn\u00ed biodiesely je sice mo\u017en\u00e1, ale vy\u017eaduje pe\u010dlivou p\u0159\u00edpravu, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a znalost cel\u00e9ho procesu. Nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 znalost m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nekvalitn\u00edmu produktu nebo dokonce k nehod\u00e1m. P\u0159ed zapo\u010det\u00edm v\u00fdroby je proto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 d\u016fkladn\u011b nastudovat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace a zv\u00e1\u017eit rizika. Alternativn\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 zakoupit hotovou biodieselu, kter\u00e1 spl\u0148uje normy kvality a je bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pro pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdroba vlastn\u00ed biodiesely je v posledn\u00edch letech st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a to zejm\u00e9na z d\u016fvodu rostouc\u00edch cen nafty a z\u00e1jmu o ekologicky \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed paliva. Mnoho lid\u00ed se proto pt\u00e1, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 si biopalivo vyrobit doma. Odpov\u011b\u010f zn\u00ed: ano, je to mo\u017en\u00e9, ale vy\u017eaduje to pe\u010dlivou p\u0159\u00edpravu, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a znalost procesu transesterifikace. Nen\u00ed to<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26457,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62586","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62586"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62586\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}