{"id":62651,"date":"2022-10-12T14:10:55","date_gmt":"2022-10-12T19:10:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/things-you-need-to-know-about-piezoceramic-materials\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:15:25","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:15:25","slug":"things-you-need-to-know-about-piezoceramic-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/things-you-need-to-know-about-piezoceramic-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly: V\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, a zejm\u00e9na piezokeramika, hraj\u00ed st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli v mnoha modern\u00edch technologi\u00edch. Jejich jedine\u010dn\u00e1 vlastnost \u2013 schopnost p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak \u2013 otev\u00edr\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e9 mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed, od p\u0159esn\u00fdch senzor\u016f a\u017e po v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty, kter\u00e9 je pot\u0159eba zn\u00e1t o t\u011bchto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch materi\u00e1lech.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt je zalo\u017een na schopnosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch krystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt) a naopak, m\u011bnit sv\u00e9 rozm\u011bry p\u0159i aplikaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole (inverzn\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt). Tento efekt je zp\u016fsoben asymetri\u00ed krystalov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky, kter\u00e1 se deformuje pod vlivem vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed s\u00edly, co\u017e vede k separaci n\u00e1boj\u016f. Piezokeramika, na rozd\u00edl od p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch piezoelektrick\u00fdch krystal\u016f, je syntetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, obvykle na b\u00e1zi titan\u00e1tu barnat\u00e9ho (BaTiO\u2083) nebo zirkon\u00e1tu olovnat\u00e9ho titanatu (PZT), kter\u00fd je polarizov\u00e1n, aby z\u00edskal piezoelektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>\n

Druhy a vlastnosti piezokeramiky<\/h3>\n

Existuje \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la piezokeramick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, kter\u00e9 jsou optimalizov\u00e1ny pro specifick\u00e9 aplikace. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi parametry jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Vlastnost<\/th>\nJednotka<\/th>\nTypick\u00e9 hodnoty pro PZT<\/th>\nPozn\u00e1mka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Piezoelektrick\u00fd koeficient (d33)<\/td>\nC\/N<\/td>\n200-700 x 10-12<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnota znamen\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed citlivost\/\u00fa\u010dinnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dielektrick\u00e1 konstanta (\u03b5r)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n1000-3000<\/td>\nOvliv\u0148uje kapacitu a spot\u0159ebu energie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mechanick\u00e1 pevnost<\/td>\nMPa<\/td>\n50-100<\/td>\nD\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro odolnost proti zlomen\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Curieova teplota<\/td>\n\u00b0C<\/td>\n300-500<\/td>\nTeplotn\u00ed limit pro funk\u010dnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

V\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00e9ho typu piezokeramiky z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch po\u017eadavc\u00edch aplikace. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pro senzory se klade d\u016fraz na vysok\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd koeficient a n\u00edzk\u00fd \u0161um, zat\u00edmco pro aktu\u00e1tory je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 vysok\u00e1 mechanick\u00e1 pevnost a velk\u00e1 deformace.<\/p>\n

Aplikace piezokeramiky<\/h3>\n

Piezokeramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oborech. P\u0159\u00edklady zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ultrazvukov\u00e9 technologie:<\/strong> Piezokeramika se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako gener\u00e1tory a detektory ultrazvuku v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch zobrazovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, nedestruktivn\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch \u010distic\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v ultrazvukov\u00fdch \u010disti\u010dk\u00e1ch od Beijing Ultrasonic, je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 vysok\u00e1 spolehlivost a v\u00fdkon piezokeramick\u00fdch prvk\u016f.<\/li>\n
  • Aktu\u00e1tory a sn\u00edma\u010de:<\/strong> Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v p\u0159esn\u00fdch polohovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mech, mikromanipul\u00e1torech, inkoustov\u00fdch tisk\u00e1rn\u00e1ch a dal\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch jemnou a p\u0159esnou kontrolu pohybu.<\/li>\n
  • Energetick\u00e9 skl\u00edzen\u00ed:<\/strong> Piezokeramika umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159em\u011bnu mechanick\u00e9 energie z vibrac\u00ed nebo tlaku na elektrickou energii.<\/li>\n
  • Senzory tlaku a zrychlen\u00ed:<\/strong> Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch senzorech pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, s\u00edly a dal\u0161\u00edch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch veli\u010din.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody piezokeramiky<\/h3>\n

    V\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Vysok\u00e1 citlivost a p\u0159esnost<\/li>\n
    • Kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry<\/li>\n
    • Relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena<\/li>\n
    • Mo\u017enost v\u00fdroby ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Nev\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • K\u0159ehkost<\/li>\n
      • Citlivost na teplotu a vlhkost<\/li>\n
      • Mo\u017enost st\u00e1rnut\u00ed a ztr\u00e1ty vlastnost\u00ed v \u010dase<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Piezokeramika p\u0159edstavuje cenn\u00fd materi\u00e1l s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed. Jej\u00ed vlastnosti a mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed se neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed d\u00edky v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a technologi\u00ed. Pochopen\u00ed jej\u00edch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9 pro efektivn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh a implementaci v r\u016fzn\u00fdch technick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, a zejm\u00e9na piezokeramika, hraj\u00ed st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli v mnoha modern\u00edch technologi\u00edch. Jejich jedine\u010dn\u00e1 vlastnost \u2013 schopnost p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak \u2013 otev\u00edr\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e9 mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed, od p\u0159esn\u00fdch senzor\u016f a\u017e po v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 aktu\u00e1tory. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty, kter\u00e9 je pot\u0159eba zn\u00e1t o t\u011bchto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch materi\u00e1lech. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip piezoelektrick\u00e9ho<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62651"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62651\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62651"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62651"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}