{"id":62716,"date":"2022-10-07T11:56:15","date_gmt":"2022-10-07T16:56:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/the-possibility-of-using-piezoceramic-sheet-in-strain-gage\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:15:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:15:20","slug":"the-possibility-of-using-piezoceramic-sheet-in-strain-gage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/the-possibility-of-using-piezoceramic-sheet-in-strain-gage\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezokompozitn\u00ed vrstvy v tenzometrii: Mo\u017enosti a limity"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, a mezi nimi i piezoelektrick\u00e9 desti\u010dky, nab\u00edzej\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch typ\u016f tenzometr\u016f. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed tenzometry vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zm\u011bny elektrick\u00e9ho odporu vodi\u010de v z\u00e1vislosti na deformaci. Piezoelektrick\u00e9 desti\u010dky naopak generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj jako odezvu na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento princip otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k inovativn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm s potenci\u00e1lem pro vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed citlivost, \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed rozsahy a odolnost v\u016f\u010di drsn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text podrobn\u011bji rozeb\u00edr\u00e1 mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch desti\u010dek v konstrukci tenzometr\u016f.<\/p>\n

Vlastnosti piezoelektrick\u00fdch desti\u010dek relevantn\u00ed pro tenzometrii<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 desti\u010dky, typicky vyroben\u00e9 z materi\u00e1l\u016f jako je PZT (zirkoni\u010ditan olovnato-titani\u010dit\u00fd), vykazuj\u00ed siln\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed (tlaku, tahu, ohybu) generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd velikosti deformace. Tato vlastnost je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v tenzometrii. Dal\u0161\u00edmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi vlastnostmi jsou vysok\u00e1 mechanick\u00e1 pevnost, relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1 manipulace a mo\u017enost v\u00fdroby v r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvarech a velikostech. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, je nutn\u00e9 br\u00e1t v \u00favahu i nev\u00fdhody, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad citlivost na teplotu a st\u00e1rnut\u00ed materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

Principy m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed s piezoelektrick\u00fdmi desti\u010dkami jako tenzometry<\/h3>\n

Existuj\u00ed dva hlavn\u00ed principy m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 desti\u010dky jako tenzometry: p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed generovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zm\u011bny rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je zalo\u017eeno na detekci elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje generovan\u00e9ho piezoelektrickou desti\u010dkou pod vlivem mechanick\u00e9ho nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Velikost n\u00e1boje je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 velikosti deformace. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zm\u011bny rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence piezoelektrick\u00e9 desti\u010dky se m\u011bn\u00ed s jej\u00ed mechanickou deformac\u00ed. Tato metoda vy\u017eaduje slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed elektroniku, ale nab\u00edz\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnost.<\/p>\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi tenzometry<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Vlastnost<\/th>\nTradi\u010dn\u00ed tenzometr (metalick\u00fd)<\/th>\nPiezoelektrick\u00fd tenzometr<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Princip m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>\nZm\u011bna odporu<\/td>\nGenerovan\u00fd n\u00e1boj\/zm\u011bna rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Citlivost<\/td>\nRelativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\nRelativn\u011b vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed rozsah<\/td>\nOmezen\u00fd<\/td>\n\u0160ir\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Teplotn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Odolnost proti vibrac\u00edm<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cena<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Aplikace piezoelektrick\u00fdch tenzometr\u016f<\/h3>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 tenzometry nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, kde je po\u017eadov\u00e1na vysok\u00e1 citlivost a odolnost. P\u0159\u00edklady zahrnuj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed dynamick\u00fdch sil, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed vibrac\u00ed, detekci n\u00e1raz\u016f a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed v kompozitn\u00edch materi\u00e1lech. Jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 v situac\u00edch, kdy je nutn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159it kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9, vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed jevy.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzvy a budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj<\/h3>\n

Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdzvou pro \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch tenzometr\u016f je jejich relativn\u011b vysok\u00e1 cena a citlivost na teplotu. V\u00fdzkum se zam\u011b\u0159uje na v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f s lep\u0161\u00edmi vlastnostmi, miniaturizaci senzor\u016f a v\u00fdvoj sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed elektroniky pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu. Vylep\u0161en\u00ed kalibra\u010dn\u00edch metod a kompenzace teplotn\u00edch vliv\u016f jsou rovn\u011b\u017e d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 oblasti v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 desti\u010dky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed slibnou alternativu k tradi\u010dn\u00edm tenzometr\u016fm. A\u010dkoliv existuj\u00ed v\u00fdzvy, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba p\u0159ekonat, jejich unik\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnosti, jako je vysok\u00e1 citlivost a odolnost, otev\u00edraj\u00ed cestu k inovativn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm v oblasti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed mechanick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed. Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj v oblasti materi\u00e1l\u016f a elektroniky pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b povede k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fdch tenzometr\u016f v mnoha pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, a mezi nimi i piezoelektrick\u00e9 desti\u010dky, nab\u00edzej\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch typ\u016f tenzometr\u016f. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed tenzometry vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zm\u011bny elektrick\u00e9ho odporu vodi\u010de v z\u00e1vislosti na deformaci. Piezoelektrick\u00e9 desti\u010dky naopak generuj\u00ed elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj jako odezvu na mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento princip otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k inovativn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm s potenci\u00e1lem pro vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed citlivost, \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed rozsahy a odolnost<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":554,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62716"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62716\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}