{"id":62746,"date":"2022-10-04T15:33:13","date_gmt":"2022-10-04T20:33:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-the-role-of-surface-tension-in-ultrasonic-cleaning\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:17:40","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:17:40","slug":"what-is-the-role-of-surface-tension-in-ultrasonic-cleaning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-the-role-of-surface-tension-in-ultrasonic-cleaning\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed: Role povrchov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je efektivn\u00ed metoda odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u010distot z r\u016fzn\u00fdch povrch\u016f. Jeho \u00fa\u010dinnost je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnostech \u010distic\u00ed kapaliny, a mezi nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich pat\u0159\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed.  Pochopen\u00ed role povrchov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro optimalizaci procesu ultrazvukov\u00e9ho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a dosa\u017een\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a jeho vliv na kapalinu<\/h3>\n<p>Povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed je vlastnost kapalin, kter\u00e1 se projevuje jako tendence minimalizovat sv\u016fj povrch.  Molekula kapaliny uvnit\u0159 objemu je obklopena ostatn\u00edmi molekulami a s\u00edly mezi nimi se vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed.  Molekula na povrchu v\u0161ak nem\u00e1 sousedy na v\u0161ech stran\u00e1ch, a proto je vystavena s\u00edle sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed dovnit\u0159 kapaliny. Tato s\u00edla zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee se povrch kapaliny chov\u00e1 jako napjat\u00e1 membr\u00e1na.  Velikost povrchov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu kapaliny, teplot\u011b a p\u0159\u00edtomnosti rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.  Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kapalina sn\u00e1ze pronik\u00e1 do mal\u00fdch \u0161t\u011brbin a p\u00f3r\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zlep\u0161uje \u00fa\u010dinnost \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Kavitace a jej\u00ed souvislost s povrchov\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm<\/h3>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed funguje na principu kavitace.  Ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v \u010distic\u00ed kapalin\u011b tlakov\u00e9 zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 vedou k tvorb\u011b a kolapsu mikroskopick\u00fdch bublin (kavita\u010dn\u00edch bublin). Kolaps t\u011bchto bublin generuje vysok\u00e9 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed tlaky a teploty, kter\u00e9 odstra\u0148uj\u00ed ne\u010distoty z povrchu p\u0159edm\u011btu.  Povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje jak tvorbu, tak i kolaps kavita\u010dn\u00edch bublin.  Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed usnad\u0148uje tvorbu bublin a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zvy\u0161uje energii uvoln\u011bnou p\u0159i jejich kolapsu.  To vede k efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Vliv povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek na povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Aby se dos\u00e1hlo optim\u00e1ln\u00edho efektu ultrazvukov\u00e9ho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u010dasto se do \u010distic\u00ed kapaliny p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky (surfaktanty). Tyto l\u00e1tky sni\u017euj\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed kapaliny a t\u00edm zlep\u0161uj\u00ed jej\u00ed schopnost proniknout do t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch m\u00edst a odstra\u0148ovat i jemn\u00e9 ne\u010distoty.  Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br surfaktantu je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro dosa\u017een\u00ed co nejlep\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdsledku.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ surfaktantu<\/th>\n<th>Vliv na povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Dal\u0161\u00ed vlastnosti<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Neiontov\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>Zna\u010dn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Dobr\u00e1 kompatibilita s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Aniontov\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>Zna\u010dn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt agresivn\u00ed k n\u011bkter\u00fdm materi\u00e1l\u016fm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kationtov\u00e9<\/td>\n<td>M\u00edrn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Dobr\u00e9 pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mastnoty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Optimalizace procesu ultrazvukov\u00e9ho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s ohledem na povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Optimalizace procesu ultrazvukov\u00e9ho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zahrnuje v\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00e9 \u010distic\u00ed kapaliny s optim\u00e1ln\u00edm povrchov\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed surfaktant\u016f.  D\u00e1le je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zvolit spr\u00e1vnou frekvenci a intenzitu ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.  P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nadm\u011brn\u00e9 tvorb\u011b p\u011bny, zat\u00edmco p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed znemo\u017en\u00ed efektivn\u00ed proniknut\u00ed kapaliny do p\u00f3r\u016f a \u0161t\u011brbin.  Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed stanoven\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edch parametr\u016f pro dan\u00fd materi\u00e1l a typ ne\u010distot je nezbytn\u00e9 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v \u00fa\u010dinnosti ultrazvukov\u00e9ho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Jeho optimalizace prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho v\u00fdb\u011bru \u010distic\u00ed kapaliny a surfaktant\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dem k dosa\u017een\u00ed efektivn\u00edho a \u0161etrn\u00e9ho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.  Pochopen\u00ed vztahu mezi povrchov\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm, kavitac\u00ed a ultrazvukov\u00fdm \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm umo\u017e\u0148uje optimalizovat cel\u00fd proces a dos\u00e1hnout nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je efektivn\u00ed metoda odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u010distot z r\u016fzn\u00fdch povrch\u016f. Jeho \u00fa\u010dinnost je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnostech \u010distic\u00ed kapaliny, a mezi nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich pat\u0159\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Pochopen\u00ed role povrchov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro optimalizaci procesu ultrazvukov\u00e9ho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a dosa\u017een\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a jeho vliv na kapalinu Povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed je<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18799,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62746","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62746"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62746\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62746"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62746"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}