{"id":62766,"date":"2022-10-03T06:07:59","date_gmt":"2022-10-03T11:07:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-build-a-ultrasonic-speaker\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:06:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:06:58","slug":"how-to-build-a-ultrasonic-speaker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-to-build-a-ultrasonic-speaker\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrazvukov\u00fd reproduktor: N\u00e1vod krok za krokem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 reproduktory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed technologii, kter\u00e1 slibuje reprodukci zvuku na vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch frekvenc\u00edch, ne\u017e je sly\u0161iteln\u00e9 lidsk\u00fdm uchem.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na praktick\u00e9 aspekty konstrukce takov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, od v\u00fdb\u011bru komponent a\u017e po fin\u00e1ln\u00ed sestaven\u00ed a kalibraci.  Pochopiteln\u011b, z d\u016fvodu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch omezen\u00ed, nen\u00ed c\u00edlem reprodukovat sly\u0161iteln\u00fd zvuk p\u0159\u00edmo ultrazvukem, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e vyu\u017e\u00edt neline\u00e1rn\u00ed efekty v m\u00e9diu k generov\u00e1n\u00ed sly\u0161iteln\u00fdch harmonick\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdb\u011br piezoelektrick\u00e9ho m\u011bni\u010de<\/h3>\n<p>Srdcem ultrazvukov\u00e9ho reproduktoru je piezoelektrick\u00fd m\u011bni\u010d.  Jeho volba je kritick\u00e1 pro celkovou kvalitu zvuku.  Pot\u0159ebujeme m\u011bni\u010d s dostate\u010dn\u011b vysokou frekvenc\u00ed rezonance,  schopnost\u00ed pracovat s vysok\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm a dostate\u010dnou efektivitou.  N\u011bkter\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de jsou optimalizov\u00e1ny pro specifick\u00e9 aplikace a jejich parametry se mohou zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161it. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 parametry zahrnuj\u00ed rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvenci, impedanci a maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00ed v\u00fdkon.  N\u00ed\u017ee je tabulka s p\u0159\u00edkladem porovn\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch piezoelektrick\u00fdch m\u011bni\u010d\u016f:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>M\u011bni\u010d<\/th>\n<th>Rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvence (kHz)<\/th>\n<th>Impedance (\u03a9)<\/th>\n<th>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon (W)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>A<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Pro konstrukci prototypu je vhodn\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edt s m\u011bni\u010dem s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad kolem 40 kHz, kter\u00fd bude m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed obvody.<\/p>\n<h3>Zesilova\u010d a \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed obvody<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pro efektivn\u00ed funkci vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 zesilova\u010de schopn\u00e9 generovat vysok\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch frekvenc\u00edch.  Jednoduch\u00fd zesilova\u010d s opera\u010dn\u00edm zesilova\u010dem pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebude sta\u010dit.  Pot\u0159ebujeme sp\u00ed\u0161e specializovan\u00fd zesilova\u010d navr\u017een\u00fd pro pr\u00e1ci s piezoelektrick\u00fdmi m\u011bni\u010di a schopn\u00fd dod\u00e1vat dostate\u010dn\u00fd proud a nap\u011bt\u00ed.  D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed frekvence a amplitudy v\u00fdstupn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu.  Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed sign\u00e1ln\u00ed procesor (DSP) m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd pro optimalizaci zvuku a kompenzaci ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch harmonick\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<h3>Design akustick\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky<\/h3>\n<p>Aby byl sly\u0161iteln\u00fd zvuk efektivn\u011b generov\u00e1n, je pot\u0159eba  za piezoelektrick\u00fdm m\u011bni\u010dem um\u00edstit akustickou \u010do\u010dku.  Tato \u010do\u010dka slou\u017e\u00ed k zaost\u0159en\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9ho svazku a maximalizaci neline\u00e1rn\u00edch efekt\u016f v m\u00e9diu (obvykle vzduch).  Design \u010do\u010dky z\u00e1vis\u00ed na frekvenci m\u011bni\u010de a po\u017eadovan\u00e9 sm\u011brovosti zvuku.  Materi\u00e1ly pro akustick\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky zahrnuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 polymery, a jejich design vy\u017eaduje simulace a optimalizaci pomoc\u00ed softwaru pro modelov\u00e1n\u00ed zvuku.<\/p>\n<h3>Mont\u00e1\u017e a kalibrace<\/h3>\n<p>Po sestaven\u00ed v\u0161ech komponent je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b prov\u00e9st kalibraci syst\u00e9mu.  To zahrnuje optimalizaci zes\u00edlen\u00ed, frekvence a tvaru v\u00fdstupn\u00edho sign\u00e1lu.  M\u016f\u017eeme pou\u017e\u00edt spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed analyz\u00e1tor k anal\u00fdze generovan\u00e9ho zvuku a identifikaci ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch harmonick\u00fdch.  Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 kalibrace je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed kvality zvuku.<\/p>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 reproduktory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dnou, ale fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed oblast elektroniky.  I kdy\u017e existuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy spojen\u00e9 s jejich konstrukc\u00ed,  potenci\u00e1l t\u00e9to technologie v oblasti audio reprodukce je obrovsk\u00fd.  S pe\u010dliv\u00fdm v\u00fdb\u011brem komponent,  pe\u010dliv\u00fdm designem a d\u016fkladnou kalibrac\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout uspokojiv\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 reproduktory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed technologii, kter\u00e1 slibuje reprodukci zvuku na vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch frekvenc\u00edch, ne\u017e je sly\u0161iteln\u00e9 lidsk\u00fdm uchem. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na praktick\u00e9 aspekty konstrukce takov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, od v\u00fdb\u011bru komponent a\u017e po fin\u00e1ln\u00ed sestaven\u00ed a kalibraci. Pochopiteln\u011b, z d\u016fvodu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch omezen\u00ed, nen\u00ed c\u00edlem reprodukovat sly\u0161iteln\u00fd zvuk p\u0159\u00edmo ultrazvukem, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e vyu\u017e\u00edt neline\u00e1rn\u00ed efekty v m\u00e9diu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18685,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62766"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62766\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18685"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}