{"id":63046,"date":"2022-08-18T23:07:05","date_gmt":"2022-08-19T04:07:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-can-poling-and-depoling-in-piezoceramic-materials\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:05:12","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:05:12","slug":"how-can-poling-and-depoling-in-piezoceramic-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/how-can-poling-and-depoling-in-piezoceramic-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"Polarizace a depolarizace piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083) nebo zirkon\u00e1t olovnato-titani\u010dit\u00fd (PZT), vykazuj\u00ed jedine\u010dnou vlastnost \u2013 piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt. Tento efekt umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159em\u011bnu mechanick\u00e9 energie na elektrickou a naopak. Procesy poling a depoling jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro aktivaci a kontrolu tohoto efektu a hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v aplikac\u00edch, jako jsou ultrazvukov\u00e9 senzory, aktu\u00e1tory a dal\u0161\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na tyto procesy a jejich vliv na vlastnosti piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

Proces polingu<\/h3>\n

Poling je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l vystav\u00ed siln\u00e9mu elektrick\u00e9mu poli, typicky p\u0159i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 teplot\u011b. Toto pole orientuje elektrick\u00e9 dip\u00f3ly v materi\u00e1lu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se indukuje makroskopick\u00e1 piezoelektrick\u00e1 polarizace. Bez polingu jsou dip\u00f3ly n\u00e1hodn\u011b orientov\u00e1ny, a materi\u00e1l nevykazuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt. \u00da\u010dinnost polingu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na n\u011bkolika faktorech, v\u010detn\u011b intenzity a trv\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole, teploty a typu materi\u00e1lu. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed nevede k dostate\u010dn\u00e9 orientaci dip\u00f3l\u016f, zat\u00edmco p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k po\u0161kozen\u00ed materi\u00e1lu. Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro poling se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm materi\u00e1lu a po\u017eadovan\u00fdch vlastnostech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Faktor<\/th>\nVliv na poling<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Intenzita pole<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161\u00ed intenzita \u2013 lep\u0161\u00ed orientace dip\u00f3l\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Doba polingu<\/td>\nDel\u0161\u00ed doba \u2013 lep\u0161\u00ed orientace dip\u00f3l\u016f, ale riziko po\u0161kozen\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Teplota<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplota \u2013 usnad\u0148uje pohyb dip\u00f3l\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Typ materi\u00e1lu<\/td>\nR\u016fzn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly vy\u017eaduj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky polingu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Vliv polingu na vlastnosti materi\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n

\u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd poling zna\u010dn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje piezoelektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti materi\u00e1lu. Zvy\u0161uje se piezoelektrick\u00fd koeficient (d33, d31), co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee materi\u00e1l generuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj p\u0159i stejn\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 deformaci, nebo se v\u00edce deformuje p\u0159i stejn\u00e9m elektrick\u00e9m poli. Tak\u00e9 se zvy\u0161uje dielektrick\u00e1 konstanta a m\u011bn\u00ed se i jin\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad mechanick\u00e1 pevnost. Kvalita polingu je tedy kritick\u00e1 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fdch parametr\u016f v aplikac\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Proces depolingu<\/h3>\n

Depoling je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se piezoelektrick\u00e1 polarizace v materi\u00e1lu sni\u017euje nebo \u00fapln\u011b ztr\u00e1c\u00ed. To se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t p\u016fsoben\u00edm vysok\u00fdch teplot, siln\u00fdch mechanick\u00fdch sil nebo siln\u00fdch opa\u010dn\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch pol\u00ed. Teplota, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed k depolingu, se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Curieova teplota. P\u0159i depolingu se elektrick\u00e9 dip\u00f3ly vrac\u00ed do n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, a materi\u00e1l ztr\u00e1c\u00ed sv\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti. Tento proces je ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed v aplikac\u00edch, kde je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na stabiln\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e1 odezva.<\/p>\n

Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed stabilitu polingu<\/h3>\n

Stabilita polingu je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro dlouhodobou funk\u010dnost piezoelektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Na stabilitu polingu maj\u00ed vliv r\u016fzn\u00e9 faktory, nap\u0159\u00edklad teplota, vlhkost, mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed a st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed materi\u00e1lu. Materi\u00e1ly s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed Curieovou teplotou obvykle vykazuj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed stabilitu polingu. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd design a ochrana piezoelektrick\u00fdch prvk\u016f p\u0159ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmi vlivy jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro udr\u017een\u00ed jejich funk\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Aplikace polingu a depolingu<\/h3>\n

Poling a depoling jsou nezbytn\u00e9 procesy v mnoha aplikac\u00edch piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v ultrazvukov\u00fdch senzor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 diagnostice (nap\u0159. ultrazvukov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed), je kvalita polingu kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed vysok\u00e9 citlivosti a rozli\u0161en\u00ed. V aktu\u00e1torech, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 polohov\u00e1n\u00ed, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby poling byl stabiln\u00ed a odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di mechanick\u00e9mu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch specializovan\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch se depoling m\u016f\u017ee c\u00edlen\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt pro ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a jejich specifick\u00e9 vlastnosti, kontrolovan\u00e9 procesy polingu a depolingu, jsou nepostradateln\u00e9 v \u0161irok\u00e9m spektru technologi\u00ed. Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto proces\u016f a jejich vlivu na vlastnosti materi\u00e1l\u016f je proto nezbytn\u00e9 pro optimalizaci aplikac\u00ed a rozvoj nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083) nebo zirkon\u00e1t olovnato-titani\u010dit\u00fd (PZT), vykazuj\u00ed jedine\u010dnou vlastnost \u2013 piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt. Tento efekt umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159em\u011bnu mechanick\u00e9 energie na elektrickou a naopak. Procesy poling a depoling jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro aktivaci a kontrolu tohoto efektu a hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v aplikac\u00edch, jako jsou ultrazvukov\u00e9 senzory, aktu\u00e1tory a dal\u0161\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4869,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63046","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63046"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63046\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63046"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63046"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63046"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}