{"id":63276,"date":"2022-07-04T20:55:38","date_gmt":"2022-07-05T01:55:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/piezoelectricity-in-bone\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:14:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:14:57","slug":"piezoelectricity-in-bone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/piezoelectricity-in-bone\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelekt\u0159ina v kosti: Struktura a funkce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelekt\u0159ina v kosti je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed oblast\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu s potenci\u00e1lem pro revolu\u010dn\u00ed pokroky v oblasti ortopedie a regenerativn\u00ed medic\u00edny.  Kostn\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148, zd\u00e1nliv\u011b inertn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, vykazuje slab\u00e9, ale m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i ch\u016fzi nebo b\u011bhu, generuje kost elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj.  Tento jev m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro r\u016fst, remodelace a hojen\u00ed kost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Mechanismus piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu v kosti<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt v kosti je zp\u016fsoben krystalickou strukturou hydroxyapatitu, hlavn\u00edho miner\u00e1ln\u00edho komponentu kostn\u00ed matrix.  Hydroxyapatit je piezoelektrick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, a proto jeho deformace mechanick\u00fdm stresem vede k generov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje.  Tento n\u00e1boj se pak pod\u00edl\u00ed na \u0159ad\u011b bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch proces\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b osteoblastov\u00e9 aktivity (tvorba nov\u00e9 kosti) a osteoklastov\u00e9 aktivity (resorpce kosti).  Intenzita generovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje z\u00e1vis\u00ed na velikosti a sm\u011bru aplikovan\u00e9ho stresu.  Nap\u0159\u00edklad kompresivn\u00ed s\u00edly vedou k generov\u00e1n\u00ed opa\u010dn\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje ne\u017e s\u00edly tahov\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Role piezoelekt\u0159iny v kostn\u00ed remodelaci<\/h3>\n<p>Remodelace kosti je kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se star\u00e1 kostn\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148 resorbuje a nahrazuje novou.  Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v tomto procesu, \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed  distribuci osteoblast\u016f a osteoklast\u016f.  Z\u00f3ny s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm mechanick\u00fdm nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm a tedy i vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed piezoelektrickou aktivitou, typicky oblasti s vysokou kostn\u00ed hustotou, stimuluj\u00ed osteoblastogenezi. Naopak oblasti s n\u00edzk\u00fdm nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm jsou n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k resorpci kosti osteoklasty.  Tento mechanismus zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee kostn\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148 je neust\u00e1le adaptov\u00e1na na mechanick\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Piezoelekt\u0159ina a kostn\u00ed hojen\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na proces kostn\u00edho hojen\u00ed.  Generovan\u00fd elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj stimuluje bun\u011b\u010dnou proliferaci, diferenciaci a migraci bun\u011bk zapojen\u00fdch do hojen\u00ed zlomenin.  Studie ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee aplikace extern\u00edho elektrick\u00e9ho pole m\u016f\u017ee urychlit kostn\u00ed hojen\u00ed.  Tento princip se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch typech l\u00e9\u010dby zlomenin.<\/p>\n<h3>Klinick\u00e9 aplikace a budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h3>\n<p>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9ho efektu v klinick\u00e9 praxi je st\u00e1le v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch v\u00fdzkumu.  Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, existuje potenci\u00e1l pro v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch terapi\u00ed pro l\u00e9\u010dbu zlomenin, osteopor\u00f3zy a jin\u00fdch kostn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.  Nap\u0159\u00edklad, v\u00fdzkum se zam\u011b\u0159uje na v\u00fdvoj biomateri\u00e1l\u016f s vylep\u0161en\u00fdmi piezoelektrick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, kter\u00e9 by mohly urychlit kostn\u00ed hojen\u00ed.  Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum se zam\u011b\u0159uje na p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed interakce mezi piezoelektrick\u00fdm efektem a kostn\u00edmi bu\u0148kami.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ bun\u011bk<\/th>\n<th>Reakce na piezoelektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Osteoblasty<\/td>\n<td>Stimulace proliferace a diferenciace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Osteoklasty<\/td>\n<td>Inhibice aktivity (v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem, piezoelekt\u0159ina v kosti je komplexn\u00ed jev s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm vlivem na r\u016fst, remodelaci a hojen\u00ed kostn\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b.  Pochopen\u00ed tohoto jevu je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch strategi\u00ed pro kostn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.  Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum v t\u00e9to oblasti slibuje v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pokroky v ortopedii a regenerativn\u00ed medic\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezoelekt\u0159ina v kosti je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed oblast\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu s potenci\u00e1lem pro revolu\u010dn\u00ed pokroky v oblasti ortopedie a regenerativn\u00ed medic\u00edny. Kostn\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148, zd\u00e1nliv\u011b inertn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, vykazuje slab\u00e9, ale m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i ch\u016fzi nebo b\u011bhu, generuje kost elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj. Tento jev m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro r\u016fst, remodelace a hojen\u00ed kost\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5016,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63276"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63276\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}