{"id":63311,"date":"2022-06-28T23:44:42","date_gmt":"2022-06-29T04:44:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-diesel-and-biodiesel\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:17:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:17:29","slug":"what-is-the-difference-between-diesel-and-biodiesel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/what-is-the-difference-between-diesel-and-biodiesel\/","title":{"rendered":"Diesel vs. Biodiesel: Rozd\u00edly v palivu a vlastnostech"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Naftou a biopalivem se v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b hojn\u011b diskutuje v kontextu ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a energetick\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti.  Ob\u011b paliva poh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed spalovac\u00ed motory, ale jejich rozd\u00edly jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, a to jak z hlediska chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed, tak i dopadu na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na detailn\u00ed porovn\u00e1n\u00ed nafty a biodieselu.<\/p>\n<p>Chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed a v\u00fdroba<\/p>\n<p>Nafta je fosiln\u00ed palivo, z\u00edsk\u00e1van\u00e9 z ropy.  Je slo\u017eit\u00e1 sm\u011bs uhlovod\u00edk\u016f s r\u016fznou d\u00e9lkou \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f.  Jej\u00ed v\u00fdroba je energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a spojena s t\u011b\u017ebou, rafinac\u00ed a transportem, procesy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed negativn\u00ed dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.  Biodiesel, naopak, je obnoviteln\u00e9 palivo vyroben\u00e9 z rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tuk\u016f.  Transesterifikac\u00ed, chemickou reakc\u00ed s alkoholem (nej\u010dast\u011bji methanolem), se triglyceridy v oleji p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed na methylestery mastn\u00fdch kyselin (FAME), kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00ed slo\u017eku biodieselu.  V\u00fdroba biodieselu je m\u00e9n\u011b energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt k sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Vlastnosti a v\u00fdkon<\/p>\n<p>Zat\u00edmco nafta m\u00e1 specifick\u00e9 vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed jej\u00ed v\u00fdkon v motoru, biopalivo se od n\u00ed v n\u011bkolika znac\u00edch li\u0161\u00ed.  N\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e1 tabulka shrnuje kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Vlastnost<\/th>\n<th>Nafta<\/th>\n<th>Biodiesel<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Hustota<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Viskozita<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bod vzplanut\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/td>\n<td>Obvykle vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Obvykle ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obsah s\u00edry<\/td>\n<td>Prom\u011bnliv\u00e9, kles\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Velmi n\u00edzk\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Biologick\u00e1 rozlo\u017eitelnost<\/td>\n<td>Velmi n\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>V\u00fdkon motoru se m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edrn\u011b li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na typu biodieselu a \u00faprav\u00e1ch motoru.  V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e1 \u00faprava palivov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pro optimalizaci v\u00fdkonu s biodieselem.<\/p>\n<p>Dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 stop\u011b.  Spalov\u00e1n\u00ed nafty uvol\u0148uje do atmosf\u00e9ry zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed.  Biodiesel m\u00e1 oproti naft\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed uhl\u00edkovou stopu, proto\u017ee rostliny b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho r\u016fstu absorbuj\u00ed oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd z atmosf\u00e9ry.  Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, i v\u00fdroba a distribuce biodieselu m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00fd dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.  Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zva\u017eovat cel\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus paliva, v\u010detn\u011b produkce surovin, v\u00fdroby, distribuce a likvidace.<\/p>\n<p>Ekonomick\u00e9 aspekty<\/p>\n<p>Cena nafty a biodieselu se li\u0161\u00ed a je ovlivn\u011bna mnoha faktory, v\u010detn\u011b cen ropy a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f.  Biodiesel m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nafta, ale jeho cena se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na druhu pou\u017eit\u00e9 suroviny a na technologii v\u00fdroby.  V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch jsou podporov\u00e1ny programy na podporu biopaliv, kter\u00e9 mohou sn\u00ed\u017eit jejich cenu.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee nafta a biodiesel se li\u0161\u00ed v mnoha aspektech, od chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed a v\u00fdroby a\u017e po dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 aspekty.  Biodiesel nab\u00edz\u00ed obnovitelnou a ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativu k naft\u011b, ale je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit jeho vlastnosti a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed dopady na motor p\u0159ed jeho pou\u017eit\u00edm.  Volba mezi naftou a biodieselem z\u00e1vis\u00ed na individu\u00e1ln\u00edch pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch a priorit\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Naftou a biopalivem se v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b hojn\u011b diskutuje v kontextu ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a energetick\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti. Ob\u011b paliva poh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed spalovac\u00ed motory, ale jejich rozd\u00edly jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, a to jak z hlediska chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed, tak i dopadu na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na detailn\u00ed porovn\u00e1n\u00ed nafty a biodieselu. Chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed a v\u00fdroba Nafta<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1612,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63311"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63311\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1612"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}