{"id":63356,"date":"2022-06-23T13:51:50","date_gmt":"2022-06-23T18:51:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/which-birds-animals-produce-ultrasonic-sound\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:18:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:18:20","slug":"which-birds-animals-produce-ultrasonic-sound","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/which-birds-animals-produce-ultrasonic-sound\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrazvukov\u00e9 zvuky pt\u00e1k\u016f a savc\u016f: Kdo je vyd\u00e1v\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pt\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed produkuj\u00ed ultrazvuk, jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm, ale st\u00e1le pom\u011brn\u011b m\u00e1lo prob\u00e1dan\u00fdm t\u00e9matem.  V\u011bt\u0161ina pt\u00e1k\u016f komunikuje pomoc\u00ed zvuk\u016f sly\u0161iteln\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdm uchem, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i frekvence le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed mimo tento rozsah, a to jak v infrazvukov\u00e9m, tak i ultrazvukov\u00e9m spektru.  Zat\u00edmco infrazvuk je u pt\u00e1k\u016f m\u00e9n\u011b prob\u00e1dan\u00fd, ultrazvuk se st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edm\u011btem st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho z\u00e1jmu ornitolog\u016f.  N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na druhy pt\u00e1k\u016f, u kter\u00fdch byl zaznamen\u00e1n v\u00fdskyt ultrazvukov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho mo\u017en\u00e9 funkce.<\/p>\n<p>Ultrazvuk u ml\u00e1\u010fat<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho druh\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f, zejm\u00e9na men\u0161\u00ed druhy, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ultrazvukov\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed v ran\u00e9m st\u00e1diu \u017eivota, kdy jsou ml\u00e1\u010fata je\u0161t\u011b v hn\u00edzd\u011b.  Tyto zvuky jsou pro lidsk\u00e9 ucho nesly\u0161iteln\u00e9, ale pro rodi\u010de p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edek. Ml\u00e1\u010fata tak mohou signalizovat hlad, chlad nebo nebezpe\u010d\u00ed bez toho, aby p\u0159il\u00e1kala pozornost pred\u00e1tor\u016f.  Intenzita a frekvence ultrazvukov\u00fdch zvuk\u016f se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na druhu a v\u011bku ml\u00e1d\u011bte.  P\u0159esn\u00e9 mechanismy vzniku a vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto zvuk\u016f jsou st\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Druh pt\u00e1ka<\/th>\n<th>Frekvence ultrazvuku (kHz)<\/th>\n<th>Funkce ultrazvuku<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Vrabec dom\u00e1c\u00ed (Passer domesticus)<\/td>\n<td>20-50<\/td>\n<td>Komunikace s rodi\u010di<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u00fdkora ko\u0148adra (Parus major)<\/td>\n<td>30-70<\/td>\n<td>\u017d\u00e1dost o potravu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kos \u010dern\u00fd (Turdus merula)<\/td>\n<td>15-40<\/td>\n<td>Signalizace nebezpe\u010d\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Ultrazvukov\u00e1 komunikace mezi dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi jedinci<\/p>\n<p>I mezi dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi pt\u00e1ky se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech objevuje ultrazvukov\u00e1 komunikace.  To m\u016f\u017ee hr\u00e1t roli v teritori\u00e1ln\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nebo v navigaci.  Zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdzkum\u016f se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na ml\u00e1\u010fata, objevuj\u00ed se i zpr\u00e1vy o ultrazvukov\u00e9 komunikaci mezi dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi jedinci r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f.  Je v\u0161ak pot\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu k objasn\u011bn\u00ed funkce a rozsahu tohoto jevu.<\/p>\n<p>Technologick\u00e9 aspekty v\u00fdzkumu ultrazvuku u pt\u00e1k\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Studium ultrazvukov\u00fdch zvuk\u016f u pt\u00e1k\u016f vy\u017eaduje speci\u00e1ln\u00ed techniky a vybaven\u00ed.  Je nezbytn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt detektory a z\u00e1znamov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed schopn\u00e1 zachytit frekvence nad rozsahem lidsk\u00e9ho sluchu.  P\u0159esn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza t\u011bchto zvuk\u016f pak umo\u017e\u0148uje pochopit jejich strukturu a v\u00fdznam.  Zde by se mohly uplatnit technologie od firem zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se ultrazvukem, nap\u0159\u00edklad pokro\u010dil\u00e9 detektory od spole\u010dnosti Beijing Ultrasonic, i kdy\u017e jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v tomto specifick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed nen\u00ed dosud b\u011b\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdzkum ultrazvukov\u00e9 komunikace u pt\u00e1k\u016f je st\u00e1le v ran\u00e9m st\u00e1diu.  P\u0159esto\u017ee ji\u017e existuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy o pou\u017eit\u00ed ultrazvuku u mnoha druh\u016f, zejm\u00e9na v komunikaci ml\u00e1\u010fat s rodi\u010di, je pot\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00edho b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed k pln\u00e9mu pochopen\u00ed jeho funkc\u00ed a rozsahu v \u017eivot\u011b pt\u00e1k\u016f.  Pokrok v technologi\u00edch nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a anal\u00fdzy zvuk\u016f otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro studium tohoto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edho aspektu pta\u010d\u00ed komunikace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pt\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed produkuj\u00ed ultrazvuk, jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm, ale st\u00e1le pom\u011brn\u011b m\u00e1lo prob\u00e1dan\u00fdm t\u00e9matem. V\u011bt\u0161ina pt\u00e1k\u016f komunikuje pomoc\u00ed zvuk\u016f sly\u0161iteln\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdm uchem, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i frekvence le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed mimo tento rozsah, a to jak v infrazvukov\u00e9m, tak i ultrazvukov\u00e9m spektru. Zat\u00edmco infrazvuk je u pt\u00e1k\u016f m\u00e9n\u011b prob\u00e1dan\u00fd, ultrazvuk se st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edm\u011btem st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho z\u00e1jmu ornitolog\u016f. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18708,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63356"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63356\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}