{"id":63536,"date":"2022-05-25T19:20:36","date_gmt":"2022-05-26T00:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/applications-of-piezoelectric-crystals\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:01:38","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:01:38","slug":"applications-of-piezoelectric-crystals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/applications-of-piezoelectric-crystals\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezokrystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly: Aplikace a vyu\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Piezokrystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v modern\u00ed technologii \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00edky sv\u00e9 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnosti: schopnosti p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak. Tento jev, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezokrystal\u016f v cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b aplikac\u00ed, od miniaturn\u00edch senzor\u016f a\u017e po v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny.  Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na n\u011bkter\u00e9 z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kde nach\u00e1zej\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 krystaly sv\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Senzory a \u010didla<\/h3>\n<p>Piezokrystalick\u00e9 senzory jsou \u0161iroce vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku, zrychlen\u00ed, s\u00edly a dal\u0161\u00edch mechanick\u00fdch veli\u010din.  D\u00edky sv\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 citlivosti a rychl\u00e9 odezv\u011b jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro aplikace, kde je pot\u0159eba p\u0159esn\u00e9 a okam\u017eit\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.  P\u0159\u00edklady zahrnuj\u00ed senzory tlaku v pneumatik\u00e1ch, akcelerometry v elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch,  a senzory s\u00edly v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech.  Specifick\u00e9 typy piezokrystal\u016f se vyb\u00edraj\u00ed dle po\u017eadovan\u00e9 citlivosti, frekven\u010dn\u00edho rozsahu a stability.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Typ senzoru<\/th>\n<th>Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\n<th>Aplikace<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<th>Nev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Senzor tlaku<\/td>\n<td>K\u0159emen<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku v pneumatik\u00e1ch<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost, dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost<\/td>\n<td>Citlivost na teplotu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Akcelerometr<\/td>\n<td>PZT keramika<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed v elektronice<\/td>\n<td>Kompaktn\u00ed rozm\u011bry, vysok\u00e1 citlivost<\/td>\n<td>Omezen\u00fd frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Senzor s\u00edly<\/td>\n<td>ZnO tenk\u00e9 vrstvy<\/td>\n<td>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edly v mikromanipulac\u00edch<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 rozli\u0161ovac\u00ed schopnost<\/td>\n<td>K\u0159ehkost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny a pohonn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/h3>\n<p>Piezokrystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly se tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 a rychl\u00e9 pohyby.  D\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti generovat vysok\u00e9 s\u00edly p\u0159i mal\u00fdch deformac\u00edch jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro mikro-manipulaci,  \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mikroskopick\u00fdch zrcadel a precizn\u00ed polohov\u00e1n\u00ed.  V oblasti ultrazvuku se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed piezokrystalick\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky k generaci ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.  Nap\u0159\u00edklad v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch zobrazovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch (ultrazvuk) nebo v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch ultrazvukov\u00fdch \u010disti\u010dk\u00e1ch. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, jako jsou ultrazvukov\u00e9 sondy, se pro dosa\u017een\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fdch parametr\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 konstrukce piezokrystalick\u00fdch prvk\u016f, optimalizovan\u00e9 pro danou frekvenci a intenzitu.<\/p>\n<h3>Ultrazvukov\u00e9 aplikace<\/h3>\n<p>Piezokrystalick\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edky jsou kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.  Tyto p\u0159evodn\u00edky p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly na mechanick\u00e9 vibrace a naopak.  V l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 diagnostice se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed obraz\u016f vnit\u0159n\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f a tk\u00e1n\u00ed.  V pr\u016fmyslu se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k ultrazvukov\u00e9mu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a defektoskopii.  P\u0159i aplikac\u00edch s vysok\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 db\u00e1t na spr\u00e1vn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh a chlazen\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edku, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo jeho po\u0161kozen\u00ed.  P\u0159esn\u00e1 konstrukce a materi\u00e1l p\u0159evodn\u00edku ovliv\u0148uje efektivitu p\u0159enosu energie a kvalitu v\u00fdsledk\u016f.  V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se pro optimalizaci v\u00fdkonu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kombinace r\u016fzn\u00fdch piezokrystalick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Dal\u0161\u00ed aplikace<\/h3>\n<p>Piezokrystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed i v dal\u0161\u00edch oblastech, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad generov\u00e1n\u00ed vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed, filtrace sign\u00e1l\u016f a senzory v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu.  Nap\u0159\u00edklad piezoelektrick\u00e9 zapalova\u010de vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt k generov\u00e1n\u00ed vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho pro zap\u00e1len\u00ed plynu.  V automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu se piezosenzory pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku v palivov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu a pro detekci n\u00e1raz\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Piezokrystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u0161irokou a st\u00e1le se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed oblast technologie.  D\u00edky sv\u00fdm unik\u00e1tn\u00edm vlastnostem nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a jejich v\u00fdznam bude v budoucnu s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed d\u00e1le nar\u016fstat.  Pokrok v materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u011bd\u00e1ch a technologick\u00fdch postupech slibuje dal\u0161\u00ed inovativn\u00ed aplikace a zlep\u0161en\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch technologi\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch piezoelektrick\u00e9 krystaly.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piezokrystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v modern\u00ed technologii \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00edky sv\u00e9 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnosti: schopnosti p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat mechanickou energii na elektrickou a naopak. Tento jev, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd piezoelektrick\u00fd efekt, umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017eit\u00ed piezokrystal\u016f v cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b aplikac\u00ed, od miniaturn\u00edch senzor\u016f a\u017e po v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 ak\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na n\u011bkter\u00e9 z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kde nach\u00e1zej\u00ed piezoelektrick\u00e9 krystaly sv\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5761,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63536","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63536"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63536\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63536"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63536"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63536"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}