{"id":63681,"date":"2022-05-02T15:02:55","date_gmt":"2022-05-02T20:02:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/materials-used-to-make-piezoelectricity\/"},"modified":"2025-01-27T06:14:47","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T11:14:47","slug":"materials-used-to-make-piezoelectricity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/materials-used-to-make-piezoelectricity\/","title":{"rendered":"Piezoelektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly: P\u0159ehled a vlastnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Piezoelekt\u0159ina, schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00fd tlak, nebo naopak, m\u011bnit sv\u00e9 rozm\u011bry p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole, je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed jev s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch technologi\u00edch, od zapalova\u010d\u016f a\u017e po vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 senzory a aktu\u00e1tory. V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu pro piezoelektrick\u00e9 aplikace je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd a z\u00e1vis\u00ed na specifick\u00fdch po\u017eadavc\u00edch dan\u00e9 technologie. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na materi\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k v\u00fdrob\u011b piezoelektrick\u00fdch prvk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/h3>\n

Nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupinou materi\u00e1l\u016f pro piezoelektrick\u00e9 aplikace jsou keramiky. Nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je titan\u00e1t barnat\u00fd (BaTiO\u2083), kter\u00fd vykazuje vysokou piezoelektrickou konstantu a relativn\u011b n\u00edzkou cenu. Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou keramikou je piezoelektrick\u00e1 keramika na b\u00e1zi zirkon\u00e1tu olovnat\u00e9ho a titan\u00e1tu olovnat\u00e9ho (PZT), kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje vysokou citlivost\u00ed a mechanickou odolnost\u00ed. PZT keramiky se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch modifikac\u00edch s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, optimalizovan\u00fdmi pro specifick\u00e9 aplikace. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pro aplikace vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed vysokou mechanickou pevnost se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed PZT keramiky s vysok\u00fdm obsahem zirkonia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\nPiezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta (pC\/N)<\/th>\nMechanick\u00e1 pevnost (MPa)<\/th>\nTeplotn\u00ed stabilita (\u00b0C)<\/th>\nCena (relativn\u00ed)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
BaTiO\u2083<\/td>\n100-200<\/td>\n50-100<\/td>\n120<\/td>\nn\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PZT (vysok\u00fd Zr)<\/td>\n300-600<\/td>\n100-200<\/td>\n250<\/td>\nst\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PZT (n\u00edzk\u00fd Zr)<\/td>\n700-1000<\/td>\n50-100<\/td>\n150<\/td>\nvysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Monokrystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/h3>\n

Monokrystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u0159emen (SiO\u2082), se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed vysokou p\u0159esnost\u00ed a stabilitou. K\u0159emen je cenov\u011b dostupn\u00fd a vykazuje vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed teplotn\u00ed stabilitu, co\u017e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro aplikace vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed vysokou p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, k\u0159emen m\u00e1 relativn\u011b n\u00edzkou piezoelektrickou konstantu ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s keramick\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly. Dal\u0161\u00edmi monokrystalick\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly s piezoelektrick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad lithium niob\u00e1t (LiNbO\u2083) a lithium tantal\u00e1t (LiTaO\u2083), kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed piezoelektrickou konstantu ne\u017e k\u0159emen, ale jsou dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Polymern\u00ed materi\u00e1ly<\/h3>\n

Polymern\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, jako je polyvinylfluorid (PVDF), nab\u00edzej\u00ed flexibilitu a snadnou zpracovatelnost. PVDF m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed piezoelektrickou konstantu ne\u017e keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, ale jeho n\u00edzk\u00e1 hmotnost a flexibilita jej p\u0159edur\u010duj\u00ed pro specifick\u00e9 aplikace, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro senzory tlaku v ohebn\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch. Existuj\u00ed i kompozitn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 kombinuj\u00ed polymery s keramick\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sna\u017e\u00ed kombinovat v\u00fdhody obou typ\u016f materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

Kompozitn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly<\/h3>\n

V\u00fdzkum se zam\u011b\u0159uje tak\u00e9 na v\u00fdvoj kompozitn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 kombinuj\u00ed v\u00fdhody r\u016fzn\u00fdch piezoelektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. C\u00edlem je optimalizovat vlastnosti, jako je piezoelektrick\u00e1 konstanta, mechanick\u00e1 pevnost, teplotn\u00ed stabilita a cena. Kompozitn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly \u010dasto zahrnuj\u00ed kombinaci keramick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic v polymern\u00ed matrici, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje optimalizovat vlastnosti podle po\u017eadavk\u016f dan\u00e9 aplikace.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu pro piezoelektrick\u00e9 aplikace z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mnoha faktorech, v\u010detn\u011b po\u017eadovan\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 konstanty, mechanick\u00e9 pevnosti, teplotn\u00ed stability a ceny. Keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, zejm\u00e9na PZT keramiky, dominuj\u00ed v mnoha aplikac\u00edch d\u00edky sv\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 piezoelektrick\u00e9 konstant\u011b. Monokrystalick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je k\u0159emen, jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro aplikace vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed vysokou p\u0159esnost a stabilitu. Polymern\u00ed materi\u00e1ly a kompozity nab\u00edzej\u00ed flexibilitu a mo\u017enost optimalizace vlastnost\u00ed podle specifick\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f. V\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f s vylep\u0161en\u00fdmi vlastnostmi pokra\u010duje a otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro aplikace piezoelekt\u0159iny.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Piezoelekt\u0159ina, schopnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f generovat elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v reakci na mechanick\u00fd tlak, nebo naopak, m\u011bnit sv\u00e9 rozm\u011bry p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole, je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed jev s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem aplikac\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch technologi\u00edch, od zapalova\u010d\u016f a\u017e po vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 senzory a aktu\u00e1tory. V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu pro piezoelektrick\u00e9 aplikace je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd a z\u00e1vis\u00ed na specifick\u00fdch po\u017eadavc\u00edch dan\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1616,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63681","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63681"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63681\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63681"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63681"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63681"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}