{"id":29063,"date":"2023-04-22T03:01:45","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T08:01:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-a-sonar-device\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T06:25:16","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T11:25:16","slug":"how-to-make-a-sonar-device","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/how-to-make-a-sonar-device\/","title":{"rendered":"Kendi Sonar Cihaz\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 Yap\u0131n: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m K\u0131lavuz"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging), ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak su alt\u0131 nesnelerini tespit etmek ve mesafe \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir teknolojidir. Bu makalede, basit bir sonar cihaz\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m anlat\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu proje, temel elektronik bilgisi olan ve kendin yap projelerinden ho\u015flanan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in uygundur. Sonar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensiplerini anlamak ve uygulamak isteyenler i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gerekli Malzemeler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Malzeme<\/th>\nA\u00e7\u0131klama<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Ultrasonik Sens\u00f6r<\/td>\n40kHz sens\u00f6r \u00f6nerilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Arduino Uno<\/td>\nMikrodenetleyici<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Breadboard<\/td>\nDevre elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jumper Kablolar<\/td>\nDevre ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Diren\u00e7 (220 ohm)<\/td>\nSens\u00f6r korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LED<\/td>\nSinyal g\u00f6stergesi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buzzer<\/td>\nSesli uyar\u0131 i\u00e7in<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fc\u00e7 Kayna\u011f\u0131<\/td>\nArduino ve sens\u00f6r i\u00e7in<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plastik Boru<\/td>\nSens\u00f6r\u00fc sudan korumak i\u00e7in (opsiyonel)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Devre \u015eemas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Ultrasonik sens\u00f6r\u00fcn echo pini Arduino’nun bir dijital pinine (\u00f6rne\u011fin, pin 7), trig pini ise ba\u015fka bir dijital pine (\u00f6rne\u011fin, pin 8) ba\u011flan\u0131r. Echo pinine 220 ohm’luk bir diren\u00e7 ba\u011flanmas\u0131 sens\u00f6r\u00fc koruyacakt\u0131r. LED, bir diren\u00e7 ile birlikte Arduino’nun bir dijital pinine (\u00f6rne\u011fin, pin 13) ba\u011flan\u0131r. Buzzer ise ba\u015fka bir dijital pine (\u00f6rne\u011fin, pin 12) ba\u011flan\u0131r. T\u00fcm ba\u011flant\u0131lar breadboard \u00fczerinde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131m<\/h3>\n

Arduino IDE kullan\u0131larak ultrasonik sens\u00f6rden veri okuyan ve mesafe hesaplayan bir kod yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kod, sens\u00f6re bir sinyal g\u00f6nderir ve yank\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6nmesi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7en s\u00fcreyi \u00f6l\u00e7er. Bu s\u00fcre, sesin havadaki h\u0131z\u0131 kullan\u0131larak mesafeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Mesafe belirli bir e\u015fik de\u011ferinin alt\u0131ndaysa, LED yanar ve buzzer ses \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. \u00d6rnek bir kod par\u00e7as\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

const int trigPin = 8;\nconst int echoPin = 7;\nconst int ledPin = 13;\nconst int buzzerPin = 12;\n\nvoid setup() {\n  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);\n  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);\n  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);\n  pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);\n  Serial.begin(9600);\n}\n\nvoid loop() {\n  \/\/ Kod buraya yaz\u0131lacak\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Montaj<\/h3>\n
T\u00fcm bile\u015fenler devre \u015femas\u0131na g\u00f6re breadboard \u00fczerinde birle\u015ftirilir.  Sens\u00f6r, suya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir plastik boru i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilebilir.  Bu, sens\u00f6r\u00fc su hasar\u0131ndan korur ve daha do\u011fru \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Test ve Kalibrasyon<\/h3>\n
Sonar cihaz\u0131, bilinen mesafelerdeki nesnelere do\u011fru y\u00f6nlendirilerek test edilir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclen de\u011ferler ger\u00e7ek mesafelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve gerekirse kodda d\u00fczeltmeler yap\u0131l\u0131r.  Sens\u00f6r\u00fcn hassasiyeti ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, kullan\u0131lan sens\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 durumlarda, \u00f6zellikle daha hassas \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler i\u00e7in, belirli bir marka sens\u00f6r, \u00f6rne\u011fin Beijing Ultrasonic gibi, tercih edilebilir.  Ancak bu proje i\u00e7in genel bir ultrasonik sens\u00f6r yeterli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu makalede anlat\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar izlenerek basit bir sonar cihaz\u0131 yap\u0131labilir.  Bu cihaz, robotik projelerde, mesafe \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinde ve su alt\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilir.  Daha geli\u015fmi\u015f sonar sistemleri i\u00e7in daha karma\u015f\u0131k devreler ve yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar gereklidir.  Ancak bu proje, sonar teknolojisine giri\u015f yapmak ve temel prensiplerini anlamak i\u00e7in ideal bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging), ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak su alt\u0131 nesnelerini tespit etmek ve mesafe \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir teknolojidir. Bu makalede, basit bir sonar cihaz\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m anlat\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu proje, temel elektronik bilgisi olan ve kendin yap projelerinden ho\u015flanan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in uygundur. Sonar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensiplerini anlamak ve uygulamak isteyenler i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 bir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26939,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6410],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29063","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29063","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29063"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29063\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26939"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29063"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29063"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29063"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}