{"id":32652,"date":"2023-04-22T00:09:19","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T05:09:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-ultrasonic-sensor\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T06:28:47","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T11:28:47","slug":"how-to-make-ultrasonic-sensor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/how-to-make-ultrasonic-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrasonik Sens\u00f6r Yap\u0131m\u0131: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Rehber"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrasonik sens\u00f6rler, ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak mesafe \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc yapabilen cihazlard\u0131r.  \u0130nsan kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alg\u0131layamayaca\u011f\u0131 kadar y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 ses dalgalar\u0131 yayarlar ve bu dalgalar\u0131n bir cisme \u00e7arp\u0131p geri d\u00f6nme s\u00fcresini \u00f6l\u00e7erek mesafeyi hesaplarlar. Bu prensip, park sens\u00f6rlerinden robotik uygulamalara kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede kullan\u0131l\u0131r.  Kendi ultrasonik sens\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc yapmak, elektronik ve fizik prensiplerini anlaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ilgin\u00e7 bir projedir.<\/p>\n<h3>Ultrasonik Sens\u00f6r\u00fcn Temel Bile\u015fenleri<\/h3>\n<p>Bir ultrasonik sens\u00f6r\u00fcn temelde d\u00f6rt ana bile\u015feni vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ultrasonik Verici (Transmitter):<\/strong>  Y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretir.  Genellikle piezoelektrik malzemelerden yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ultrasonik Al\u0131c\u0131 (Receiver):<\/strong>  Vericiden yay\u0131lan ve bir cisme \u00e7arp\u0131p geri d\u00f6nen ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 alg\u0131lar.  Bu da piezoelektrik bir malzemedir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kontrol Devresi:<\/strong> Vericiyi tetikler, al\u0131c\u0131dan gelen sinyali i\u015fler ve mesafeyi hesaplar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00fc\u00e7 Kayna\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Sens\u00f6re gerekli enerjiyi sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Verici ve Al\u0131c\u0131 Se\u00e7imi<\/h3>\n<p>Verici ve al\u0131c\u0131 olarak en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan bile\u015fenler, 40kHz frekans\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ultrasonik transd\u00fcserlerdir.  Bu frekans, \u00e7o\u011fu uygulama i\u00e7in ideal bir denge sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00d6zellik<\/th>\n<th>40kHz Transd\u00fcser<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Frekans<\/td>\n<td>40 kHz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Voltaj\u0131<\/td>\n<td>5V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Menzil<\/td>\n<td>Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2cm &#8211; 4m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Maliyet<\/td>\n<td>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Kontrol Devresi Tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Kontrol devresi, sens\u00f6r\u00fcn kalbidir.  Vericiye belirli aral\u0131klarla darbeler g\u00f6nderir ve al\u0131c\u0131dan gelen yank\u0131 sinyalini alg\u0131lar.  Bu s\u00fcre, mesafeyi hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.  Basit bir kontrol devresi, bir mikrodenetleyici veya 555 zamanlay\u0131c\u0131 IC kullan\u0131larak olu\u015fturulabilir.<\/p>\n<h3>Mesafe Hesaplama<\/h3>\n<p>Mesafe, sesin havadaki h\u0131z\u0131 ve yank\u0131 sinyalinin alg\u0131lanma s\u00fcresi kullan\u0131larak hesaplan\u0131r.  Form\u00fcl \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n<p>Mesafe = (H\u0131z x Zaman) \/ 2<\/p>\n<p>Sesin havadaki h\u0131z\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 343 m\/s&#8217;dir.  Zaman, vericinin tetiklenmesi ile al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yank\u0131 sinyalini alg\u0131lamas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcredir.  Form\u00fclde 2&#8217;ye b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinin nedeni, ses dalgas\u0131n\u0131n gidip gelme s\u00fcresinin hesaplanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fidir.<\/p>\n<h3>Sens\u00f6r\u00fcn Montaj\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00fcm bile\u015fenler bir breadboard veya PCB \u00fczerine monte edilebilir.  Verici ve al\u0131c\u0131, birbirlerine yak\u0131n ancak birbirlerine do\u011frudan bakmayacak \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilmelidir.  Bu, paraziti azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<h3>Kalibrasyon ve Test<\/h3>\n<p>Sens\u00f6r monte edildikten sonra kalibre edilmelidir.  Bilinen mesafelerdeki cisimler kullan\u0131larak sens\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri do\u011frulanabilir.  Gerekirse, kontrol devresindeki parametreler ayarlanabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Ultrasonik sens\u00f6r yapmak, elektronik bilgisi olan herkesin ba\u015farabilece\u011fi bir projedir.  Bu makalede anlat\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyerek kendi ultrasonik sens\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc olu\u015fturabilir ve \u00e7e\u015fitli projelerinizde kullanabilirsiniz.  Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te farkl\u0131 frekanslardaki transd\u00fcserleri denemek ve kontrol devresini optimize etmek, performans\u0131 art\u0131rman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.  Daha ileri d\u00fczey projeler i\u00e7in, daha geli\u015fmi\u015f mikrodenetleyiciler ve sinyal i\u015fleme teknikleri kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ultrasonik sens\u00f6rler, ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak mesafe \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc yapabilen cihazlard\u0131r. \u0130nsan kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alg\u0131layamayaca\u011f\u0131 kadar y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 ses dalgalar\u0131 yayarlar ve bu dalgalar\u0131n bir cisme \u00e7arp\u0131p geri d\u00f6nme s\u00fcresini \u00f6l\u00e7erek mesafeyi hesaplarlar. Bu prensip, park sens\u00f6rlerinden robotik uygulamalara kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kendi ultrasonik sens\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc yapmak, elektronik ve fizik prensiplerini anlaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ilgin\u00e7 bir projedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26465,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6410],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32652","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32652"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32652\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}