{"id":44908,"date":"2023-04-22T03:08:40","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T08:08:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/diy-ultrasonic-anemometer\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:09:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:09:28","slug":"diy-ultrasonic-anemometer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/diy-ultrasonic-anemometer\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf m\u00e1y \u0111o gi\u00f3 si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111o gi\u00f3 si\u00eau \u00e2m (anemometer) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f3.  M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n qua c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111o gi\u00f3 si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n<p>M\u00e1y \u0111o gi\u00f3 si\u00eau \u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111o th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2.  T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng theo chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3>Linh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y \u0111o gi\u00f3 si\u00eau \u00e2m, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n sau:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Linh ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\n<th>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<th>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/td>\n<td>40kHz l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<td>Arduino Uno ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<td>Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Khung \u0111\u1ee1<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u00e2y n\u1ed1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<td>C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<td>T\u00f9y theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>L\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.  C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.  Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n<p>Vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f3.  C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C\/C++ \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho Arduino.  M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V = c <em> (t1 &#8211; t2) \/ (2 <\/em> d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3<\/li>\n<li>c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>t1 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng theo chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3<\/li>\n<li>t2 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3<\/li>\n<li>d l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e1y \u0111o gi\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111o gi\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf.  Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Khung \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/h3>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t khung \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.  V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o khung \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a PVC, nh\u00f4m ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf m\u00e1y \u0111o gi\u00f3 si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.  K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 si\u00eau \u00e2m.  Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y \u0111o gi\u00f3 si\u00eau \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111o gi\u00f3 si\u00eau \u00e2m (anemometer) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26487,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6406],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44908"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44908\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44908"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}