{"id":45228,"date":"2023-04-22T03:00:58","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T08:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-piezo-crystals\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:20:12","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:20:12","slug":"how-to-make-piezo-crystals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/how-to-make-piezo-crystals\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tinh th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n (piezo) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.  Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb b\u1eadt l\u1eeda gas \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf si\u00eau \u00e2m. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ec3 piezo \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ec3 piezo.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec zirconat titanat (PZT), th\u1ea1ch anh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i polymer.  Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, PZT c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n cao, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y l\u1edbn, trong khi th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/th>\n<th>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<th>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>PZT<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Th\u1ea1ch anh<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao, tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n PZT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Polymer<\/td>\n<td>Linh ho\u1ea1t, nh\u1eb9<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y th\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u piezo.  \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi g\u1ed1m PZT, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac perovskite.  Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian nung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t piezo mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u piezo sau khi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng mong mu\u1ed1n.  C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m \u00e9p, \u0111\u00fac, v\u00e0 c\u1eaft. Sau khi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, tinh th\u1ec3 piezo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ec3 piezo.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.  \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n.  \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, tinh th\u1ec3 piezo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.  C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ec3 piezo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u1edf t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra tinh th\u1ec3 piezo c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111ang m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng m\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ec3 piezo v\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tinh th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n (piezo) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb b\u1eadt l\u1eeda gas \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf si\u00eau \u00e2m. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ec3 piezo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6406],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45228"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45228\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}