{"id":45268,"date":"2023-04-22T02:59:42","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T07:59:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-biofuel-at-home\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:18:19","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:18:19","slug":"how-to-make-biofuel-at-home","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/how-to-make-biofuel-at-home\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i gia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7n c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng.  Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biofuel t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m biofuel t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biofuel, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u1ea7u \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (l\u1ecdc s\u1ea1ch c\u1eb7n)<\/li>\n<li>Methanol (c\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p)<\/li>\n<li>Natri hydroxit (NaOH) &#8211; c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u00fat \u0103n da<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/li>\n<li>B\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y tinh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1y khu\u1ea5y (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y khoan v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u khu\u1ea5y)<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ec5u chi\u1ebft<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o pH<\/li>\n<li>G\u0103ng tay, k\u00ednh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, kh\u1ea9u trang<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Biodiesel<\/h3>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biodiesel t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Pha ch\u1ebf dung d\u1ecbch Methanol v\u00e0 NaOH:<\/strong>  C\u00e2n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng NaOH c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u \u0103n.  C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn cho NaOH v\u00e0o methanol t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.  Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111eo \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng d\u1ea7u \u0103n:<\/strong> \u0110un n\u00f3ng d\u1ea7u \u0103n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 55-60\u00b0C.  Duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a (Transesterification):<\/strong> T\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed5 dung d\u1ecbch methanol v\u00e0 NaOH \u0111\u00e3 pha v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u \u0103n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng.  Khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong kho\u1ea3ng 1-2 gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u00e1ch l\u1edbp:<\/strong> Sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u1eafng trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd.  Biodiesel s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tr\u00ean, glycerin n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n s\u1ebd l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. D\u00f9ng ph\u1ec5u chi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang hai l\u1edbp n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>R\u1eeda biodiesel:<\/strong> R\u1eeda biodiesel b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i.  Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c trung t\u00ednh (pH=7).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>L\u00e0m kh\u00f4 biodiesel:<\/strong>  \u0110\u1ec3 biodiesel \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc bay h\u01a1i h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>L\u01b0u \u00fd an to\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biodiesel li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lu\u00f4n \u0111eo g\u0103ng tay, k\u00ednh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u trang khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi da v\u00e0 m\u1eaft.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u1edf n\u01a1i an to\u00e0n, tr\u00e1nh xa t\u1ea7m tay tr\u1ebb em.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o biodiesel<\/h3>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u<\/th>\n<th>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t (L\u00edt biodiesel\/kg d\u1ea7u)<\/th>\n<th>Th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (gi\u1edd)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh<\/td>\n<td>~ 0.9<\/td>\n<td>1-1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n<td>~ 0.85<\/td>\n<td>1.5-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u1ea7u c\u1ecd<\/td>\n<td>~ 0.95<\/td>\n<td>1-1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u1ea7u d\u1eeba<\/td>\n<td>~ 0.8<\/td>\n<td>2-2.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biofuel t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.  Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m biofuel t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7n c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biofuel t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00fa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26459,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6406],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45268"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45268\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26459"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}