{"id":45332,"date":"2023-04-22T02:58:40","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T07:58:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-piezoelectric-crystals\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:20:14","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:20:14","slug":"how-to-make-piezoelectric-crystals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/how-to-make-piezoelectric-crystals\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tinh th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn thu th\u1eadp n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 g\u1ed1m, polymer, composite, ho\u1eb7c tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, g\u1ed1m PZT (ch\u00ec zirconat titanat) ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n cao, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i gi\u00f2n. Polymer PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.  Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/th>\n<th>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<th>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>G\u1ed1m PZT<\/td>\n<td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<\/td>\n<td>Gi\u00f2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Polymer PVDF<\/td>\n<td>D\u1ebbo, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tinh th\u1ec3 th\u1ea1ch anh<\/td>\n<td>\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n<td>Gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Composite<\/td>\n<td>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u1ed1m th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc: tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c oxide kim lo\u1ea1i theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nghi\u1ec1n m\u1ecbn, nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o pha perovskite, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm.  \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi polymer, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c monome v\u00e0 k\u00e9o c\u0103ng m\u00e0ng polymer \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng mong mu\u1ed1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u0129a, thanh, ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng.  C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m \u00e9p, \u0111\u00fac, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1n.  Gia c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1eaft, m\u00e0i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ednh \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.  V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, tinh th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 Curie.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh.  T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tinh th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn thu th\u1eadp n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6406],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45332"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45332\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}