{"id":45876,"date":"2023-04-22T01:48:07","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T06:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-use-ultrasonic-sensor-without-microcontroller\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:24:25","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:24:25","slug":"how-to-use-ultrasonic-sensor-without-microcontroller","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/how-to-use-ultrasonic-sensor-without-microcontroller\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd s\u00f3ng \u00e2m. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t xung si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111o th\u1eddi gian s\u00f3ng \u00e2m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.  Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n.  Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n: VCC, GND, Trigger, v\u00e0 Echo.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch so s\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng mong mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ea1ch so s\u00e1nh s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u Echo t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho m\u1ea1ch so s\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch mong mu\u1ed1n. Th\u1eddi gian t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u Echo cao t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n.  B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch (cm)<\/th>\n<th>Th\u1eddi gian Echo (\u00b5s)<\/th>\n<th>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng (V) (v\u00ed d\u1ee5)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>58<\/td>\n<td>0.58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>116<\/td>\n<td>1.16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>174<\/td>\n<td>1.74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>L\u01b0u \u00fd: Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 so s\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch so s\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1eadt \u0111\u00e8n LED, relay, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng.  Khi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch so s\u00e1nh s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o l\u00f9i xe \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o l\u00f9i xe. Khi xe \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n \u1edf ph\u00eda sau, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m s\u1ebd \u0111o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00f2i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ebfu kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb an to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h3>X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec5u k\u00e9m v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh.  C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o.  Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh.  \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26463,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6406],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45876"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45876\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45876"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}