{"id":47460,"date":"2023-04-22T00:18:22","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T05:18:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-manufacture-biodiesel\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:20:51","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:20:51","slug":"how-to-manufacture-biodiesel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/how-to-manufacture-biodiesel\/","title":{"rendered":"Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc biodiesel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biodiesel, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u diesel truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biodiesel, t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e2u tinh ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean Li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb<\/h3>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biodiesel bao g\u1ed3m d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, d\u1ea7u c\u1ecd, d\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u01a1ng) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt.  Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, axit b\u00e9o t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn l\u01a1 l\u1eedng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ecdc, \u0111un n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng axit ho\u1eb7c baz\u01a1.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng Transesterification<\/h3>\n<p>Biodiesel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng transesterification, trong \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed3n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 methanol ho\u1eb7c ethanol) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 natri hydroxit ho\u1eb7c kali hydroxit). Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra biodiesel v\u00e0 glycerol, m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.  Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00e1ch v\u00e0 Tinh Ch\u1ebf S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m<\/h3>\n<p>Sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh hai pha: pha biodiesel v\u00e0 pha glycerol. Glycerol n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n s\u1ebd l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra.  Biodiesel th\u00f4 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1ed3n d\u01b0, ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t Ch\u1ea5t L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng biodiesel th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1edbp ch\u00e1y, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 axit b\u00e9o t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1<\/th>\n<th>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt (mm\u00b2\/s)<\/td>\n<td>1.9 &#8211; 6.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u1edbp ch\u00e1y (\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (ppm)<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Axit b\u00e9o t\u1ef1 do (% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 0.05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t Kh\u00e1c<\/h3>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p transesterification truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biodiesel kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng enzyme l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.  Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biodiesel l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.  Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, biodiesel h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biodiesel, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u diesel truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t biodiesel, t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26456,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6406],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47460","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47460"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47460\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47460"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}