{"id":47596,"date":"2023-04-22T00:09:19","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T05:09:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-ultrasonic-sensor\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:20:31","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:20:31","slug":"how-to-make-ultrasonic-sensor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/how-to-make-ultrasonic-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m, tuy nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd s\u00f3ng \u00e2m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch d\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o th\u1eddi gian s\u00f3ng \u00e2m di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 thu s\u00f3ng \u00e2m. B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t t\u1ea1o ra s\u00f3ng \u00e2m \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 si\u00eau \u00e2m (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 40kHz), s\u00f3ng n\u00e0y lan truy\u1ec1n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Khi g\u1eb7p v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n, s\u00f3ng \u00e2m b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 thu ghi nh\u1eadn. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa l\u00fac ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 thu s\u00f3ng \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<h3>Linh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: HC-SR04)<\/li>\n<li>Vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Arduino Uno)<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 220\u03a9)<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 100nF)<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e2y n\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<li>Breadboard (t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u1edbi vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n Arduino Uno \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ch\u00e2n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<th>Ch\u00e2n Arduino<\/th>\n<th>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>VCC<\/td>\n<td>5V<\/td>\n<td>Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GND<\/td>\n<td>GND<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Trig<\/td>\n<td>Pin s\u1ed1 7<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u00e2n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Echo<\/td>\n<td>Pin s\u1ed1 6<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u00e2n nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.  V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111o\u1ea1n code Arduino c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c++\">const int trigPin = 7;\nconst int echoPin = 6;\n\nvoid setup() {\n  Serial.begin(9600);\n  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);\n  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);\n}\n\nvoid loop() {\n  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);\n  delayMicroseconds(2);\n  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);\n  delayMicroseconds(10);\n  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);\n\n  long duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);\n  int distance = duration * 0.034 \/ 2;\n\n  Serial.print(\"Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch: \");\n  Serial.print(distance);\n  Serial.println(\" cm\");\n  delay(100);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0110o\u1ea1n code n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t xung k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111o th\u1eddi gian s\u00f3ng \u00e2m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u1ec1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean Serial Monitor.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean Serial Monitor. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i code ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.  V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb robot tr\u00e1nh v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m, tuy nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd s\u00f3ng \u00e2m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch d\u01a1i<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26465,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6406],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47596"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47596\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}