{"id":48868,"date":"2023-04-21T22:55:47","date_gmt":"2023-04-22T03:55:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-to-make-a-sonar-device-at-home\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:17:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:17:28","slug":"how-to-make-a-sonar-device-at-home","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/how-to-make-a-sonar-device-at-home\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sonar \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sonar t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 \u00edch, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng \u00e2m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng sonar t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sonar \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Sonar<\/h3>\n

Sonar ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 s\u00f3ng \u00e2m. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t ra s\u00f3ng \u00e2m, s\u00f3ng n\u00e0y lan truy\u1ec1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 khi g\u1eb7p v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu nh\u1eadn s\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian s\u00f3ng \u00e2m \u0111i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Linh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Linh ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u1ed9 thu s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu nh\u1eadn s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (Arduino Uno l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn)<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 thu s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m, x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u00e0n h\u00ecnh LCD<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\nCung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D\u00e2y n\u1ed1i, breadboard<\/td>\nK\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u1ecf h\u1ed9p (t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn)<\/td>\nB\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

L\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch. C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 thu s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u1edbi vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 C\/C++) \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n cho vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m ph\u00e1t ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1edd thu nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 thu. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian s\u00f3ng \u00e2m \u0111i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1, vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh LCD.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh<\/h3>\n

Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh LCD. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, h\u00e3y hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o sonar t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sonar \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sonar t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 \u00edch, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng \u00e2m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng sonar t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26939,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6406],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48868"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48868\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26939"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}