{"id":50484,"date":"2023-04-21T14:49:24","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T19:49:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-does-ultrasonic-sensor-work\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:12:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:12:57","slug":"how-does-ultrasonic-sensor-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/how-does-ultrasonic-sensor-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng \u00e2m thanh \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c tai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed7 xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 robot. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadn s\u00f3ng \u00e2m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chung<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng vang (echolocation), t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch d\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1 heo s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t xung si\u00eau \u00e2m ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng vang ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.  Th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t xung v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ti\u1ebfng vang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t (transmitter), m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 thu (receiver) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t t\u1ea1o ra s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m, trong khi b\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1. M\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<h3>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e1t xung:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t xung si\u00eau \u00e2m ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lan truy\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng \u00e2m:<\/strong> S\u00f3ng \u00e2m lan truy\u1ec1n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1:<\/strong> Khi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, s\u00f3ng \u00e2m b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thu nh\u1eadn ti\u1ebfng vang:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 thu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch:<\/strong> M\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111o th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t xung v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ti\u1ebfng vang (t). Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch (d) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: d = v * t \/ 2, trong \u0111\u00f3 v l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (kho\u1ea3ng 343 m\/s \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 20\u00b0C). Chia cho 2 v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian s\u00f3ng \u00e2m \u0111i c\u1ea3 qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong> T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00f3c t\u1edbi:<\/strong> G\u00f3c gi\u1eefa s\u00f3ng \u00e2m v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3:<\/strong> B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ec1m, x\u1ed1p h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e2m thanh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1eb3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th>\n<th>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh t\u0103ng khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m<\/td>\n<td>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>G\u00f3c t\u1edbi<\/td>\n<td>G\u00f3c t\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 0 \u0111\u1ed9 (vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/td>\n<td>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110o m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed7 xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n<li>Robot<\/li>\n<li>Y t\u1ebf<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.  Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng \u00e2m thanh \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c tai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed7 xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 robot.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26464,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6406],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50484"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50484\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}