{"id":51276,"date":"2023-04-21T14:00:08","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T19:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/how-are-piezoelectric-ceramics-made\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:10:54","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:10:54","slug":"how-are-piezoelectric-ceramics-made","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/how-are-piezoelectric-ceramics-made\/","title":{"rendered":"Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>G\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p khi ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.  T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ed9n<\/h3>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 zirconat titanat ch\u00ec (PZT), bari titanat (BaTiO3), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.  Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1m. C\u00e1c oxit n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n m\u1ecbn th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u00eau k\u1ebft di\u1ec5n ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m sau khi nghi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mong mu\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 \u00e9p kh\u00f4, \u00e9p \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u0129nh, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f9n.  Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.  V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u00e9p \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u0129nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t cao v\u1ec1 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u00eau k\u1ebft g\u1ed1m<\/h3>\n<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u00eau k\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n.  S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 1200\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1500\u00b0C) trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t g\u1ed1m l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.  Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian thi\u00eau k\u1ebft c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 mong mu\u1ed1n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n.  \u0110\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 Curie c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4men trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec7n dung, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gh\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u01a1, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n hao \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1<\/th>\n<th>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<th>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<td>\u0110o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p sinh ra khi ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c.<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u0129nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec7n dung<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/td>\n<td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LCR meter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gh\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u01a1<\/td>\n<td>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u1ed5n hao \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i<\/td>\n<td>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7t trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng xoay chi\u1ec1u.<\/td>\n<td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LCR meter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.  T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p khi ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20183,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6406],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51276"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51276\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}