{"id":51644,"date":"2023-04-21T13:36:07","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T18:36:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/diy-ultrasonic-distance-sensor\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:09:49","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:09:49","slug":"diy-ultrasonic-distance-sensor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/diy-ultrasonic-distance-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ef1 l\u00e0m c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch si\u00eau \u00e2m DIY \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, t\u1eeb robot d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed7 xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh cao, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng \u00e2m. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch si\u00eau \u00e2m DIY \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111o th\u1eddi gian s\u00f3ng \u00e2m truy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i.  M\u1ed9t xung si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t. Khi g\u1eb7p v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n, s\u00f3ng \u00e2m s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 thu ghi nh\u1eadn.  Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa l\u00fac ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Linh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch si\u00eau \u00e2m DIY, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m HC-SR04 (ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1)<\/li>\n<li>Vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (Arduino Uno l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn)<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e2y n\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<li>Breadboard (t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, nh\u01b0ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng)<\/li>\n<li>Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ch\u00e2n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<th>Ch\u00e2n Arduino<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>VCC<\/td>\n<td>5V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GND<\/td>\n<td>GND<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Trig<\/td>\n<td>Pin s\u1ed1 7 (ho\u1eb7c pin digital kh\u00e1c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Echo<\/td>\n<td>Pin s\u1ed1 8 (ho\u1eb7c pin digital kh\u00e1c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Code m\u1eabu (Arduino)<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c++\">const int trigPin = 7;\nconst int echoPin = 8;\nlong duration;\nint distance;\n\nvoid setup() {\n  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);\n  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);\n  Serial.begin(9600);\n}\n\nvoid loop() {\n  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);\n  delayMicroseconds(2);\n  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);\n  delayMicroseconds(10);\n  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);\n\n  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);\n  distance = duration * 0.034\/2;\n\n  Serial.print(\"Khoang cach: \");\n  Serial.print(distance);\n  Serial.println(\" cm\");\n  delay(100);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch code<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code>trigPin<\/code> v\u00e0 <code>echoPin<\/code>: Khai b\u00e1o ch\u00e2n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<li><code>duration<\/code>: L\u01b0u th\u1eddi gian s\u00f3ng \u00e2m truy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><code>distance<\/code>: L\u01b0u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<li><code>pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH)<\/code>: \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng xung HIGH tr\u00ean ch\u00e2n <code>echoPin<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code>distance = duration * 0.034\/2<\/code>: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.  0.034 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (cm\/micro gi\u00e2y), chia 2 v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian s\u00f3ng \u00e2m \u0111i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 n\u1ea1p code, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean Serial Monitor.  B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh trong code n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch si\u00eau \u00e2m DIY c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb robot tr\u00e1nh v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch si\u00eau \u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch si\u00eau \u00e2m DIY \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, t\u1eeb robot d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed7 xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh cao, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26464,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6406],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51644"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51644\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}