{"id":53221,"date":"2022-10-11T20:38:48","date_gmt":"2022-10-12T01:38:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/piezo-ceramics-reason-to-the-existence-of-piezoelectricity\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:25:40","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:25:40","slug":"piezo-ceramics-reason-to-the-existence-of-piezoelectricity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/piezo-ceramics-reason-to-the-existence-of-piezoelectricity\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n: Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p khi ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c anh em nh\u00e0 Curie ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1880. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao g\u1ed1m l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u00e0y? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n trong ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft cho t\u00ednh \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng. G\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 titanat zirconat ch\u00ec (PZT), s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac perovskite \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 v\u0129 m\u00f4, l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n do s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m b\u00ean trong \u00f4 m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho h\u00e0nh vi \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t<\/h3>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch trong \u00f4 m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 vi m\u00f4, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u do s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, g\u1ed1m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 Curie c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n, bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, khi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean g\u1ed1m, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc tinh th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1m, t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ngh\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng (Perovskite)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\nT\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i do s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t<\/td>\nC\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c<\/td>\nC\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u00ednh \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n trong g\u1ed1m b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, cho ph\u00e9p g\u1ed1m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn thu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p khi ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c anh em nh\u00e0 Curie ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1880. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":557,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6406],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53221","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53221"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53221\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}