{"id":55195,"date":"2022-06-11T22:39:30","date_gmt":"2022-06-12T03:39:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/basics-of-piezo-technology\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T07:05:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:05:57","slug":"basics-of-piezo-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/basics-of-piezo-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch, cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.  \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 b\u1eadt l\u1eeda gas \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m trong y t\u1ebf. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1880 b\u1edfi anh em nh\u00e0 Curie.  Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p khi ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng khi \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng (hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea3o).<\/p>\n<h3>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ea1ch anh, tourmaline, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec zirconat titanat (PZT).  PZT l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o theo nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/th>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\n<th>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<th>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Th\u1ea1ch anh<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/td>\n<td>\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td>\n<td>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n y\u1ebfu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tourmaline<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/td>\n<td>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PZT<\/td>\n<td>G\u1ed1m<\/td>\n<td>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u1ea1ch anh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n<p>\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 vi m\u00f4, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb n\u00e9n ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.  Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong>  C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, gia t\u1ed1c, l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.  V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u1ed1p xe, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn rung \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m trong y t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>  B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u in phun, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (MEMS).<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.  \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00e1nh l\u1eeda:<\/strong> Trong b\u1eadt l\u1eeda gas, l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y gas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng si\u00eau \u00e2m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y si\u00eau \u00e2m y t\u1ebf.  S\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, cho ph\u00e9p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.  S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch, cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 b\u1eadt l\u1eeda gas \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1556,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6406],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55195"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55195\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1556"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bjultrasonic.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}